1. Chapter 33: Life During the Cold War
Western Europe and North America

2. Western Europe France Charles de Gaulle
Established the 4th Republic
Poorly operated because of political divisions
5th Republic
Designed by de Gaulle
Wrote Constitution
Named president
Powers
Choose Prime Minister
Could dissolve Parliament
Supervise military and run foreign policy

3. Western Europe France and de Gaulle De Gaulle as president
Invested in nuclear weapons
Economy grew rapidly through expansion of automobiles and weapons
Problems
Massive gov’t deficit
Increase in standard of living
Labor strikes
De Gaulle resigns in 1969

4. Western Europe France Life after de Gaulle Named president in 1981
Political shift towards socialism
Francois Mitterand
Named president in 1981
Initiatives
39 hour work week
Wage increases
Higher taxes for rich
Nationalized banks, steel industry, electronics industry

5. Western Europe West Germany Konrad Adenauer Chancellor of West Germany
Leader during economic recovery
Unemployment
8% in 1950
0.4% in 1965
Continued strong ties with US and Western Europe

6. Western Europe Great Britain Post war Britain was economic disaster
Brought the rise of the Labour Party
Clement Attlee
Created a welfare state
Provided insurance to unemployed and poor
Conservative Party
Came back to power in 1951
Improved housing for poor

7. Western Europe Great Britain Margaret Thatcher (1979-1990)
First female Prime Minister
Member of Conservative Party
Goal was privatization
Limited union power
Limited social welfare
End inflation
Thatcherism
Small businesses increased
Old industries saw high unemployment, violence and poverty

8. Western Europe The EEC European Economic Community (1957)
Free Trade economy
France, Italy, W. Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg
No import taxes between the 6 nations
Outside countries would have one imposed
1973
G.B, Denmark, and Ireland join EEC
1986
Spain, Portugal, and Greece join
Would lead to creation of the European Union (EU)

10. The US After WW2 1950’s and the “Red Scare” Senator Joseph McCarthy
Claimed Communists had infiltrated gov’t
Began hunting for Communists in all aspects of life
Attacked Hollywood for “Pro-communist ideas”
Blackballed dozens of actors, directors, and writers
1954
Claimed Communists were running the military
Led to major backlash and his removal from Congress

11. The US After WW2 1960’s and Civil Rights Martin Luther King Jr.
Leader of movement for racial equality
With help from gov’t, equality grew closer
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Ended segregation and discrimination in the work place and public places
Voting Rights Act of 1964
Made it easier for African Americans to vote in the South
Assassinated in Memphis in 1968
Led to backlash across country

12. The US After WW2 1970’s President Richard Nixon
Watergate Scandal
Involved in plot to steal information on Democrats from HQ
HQ located in Watergate Hotel
Lied about involvement
Became first president to resign from office
Avoided impeachment trial in process
Americans began having trust issues with gov’t

13. Chapter 33: Life During the cold war
Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union

14. Postwar Soviet Union
WW2 destroyed the industrial base created in 1930’s
Stalin re-introduces the 5 Year Plans
Limited returned expected
Economic Recovery
By 1950’s, industry was well above 1930’s standard set
Heavy industry flourished (Military)
Hydrogen Bomb (1953)
Sputnik (1957)

15. Postwar Soviet Union The Rule of Stalin Incredibly suspicious
Allowed him to repress more
Held back Literature and Science that went against Communist Ideas
Died March 1953
People breathed sigh of relief

16. Postwar Soviet Union Khrushchev Era De-Stalinization
Removing ruthless Stalin Programs
Less restricted literature
Less restricted art
Produce more consumer goods
Increase farming (Failed)
Foreign Policy
Failed with Cuban Missile Crisis

17. Postwar Soviet Union The Brezhnev Era Improved relations with US
Allowed for loosened trends
Western Music
Western Dress
Complacent Gov’t
Farmers had no incentive to work harder
Still had high spending on heavy industry

18. Eastern Europe Communist Patterns of Control Albania Yugoslavia
Always had pro-Communist ties so USSR intervened little
As time went by, they maintained Communism without Soviet control
Yugoslavia
Josip Broz (Tito)
Leader of Stalin resistance movement
Gained support of people over Stalin
Still Communist but free of Soviet influence

19. Eastern Europe Revolts against Communism Poland (1956)
Wladyslaw Golmuka
Leader of Poland
Pushed for a separation from USSR
Poles feared Soviet retaliation
Remained part of Warsaw Pact

20. Eastern Europe Revolts against Communism Hungary (1956)
Spurred on by the changes in Poland
Imre Nagy
Claimed Hungary as independent on Nov. 1, 1956
Called for free elections
Khrushchev responds
Sends troops in to invade Budapest
Restores control
Executes Nagy in 1958

21. Eastern Europe Revolts against Communism Czechoslovakia
Antonin Novotny (Little Stalin)
Leader has alienated all in his party
Resigns in 1968 due to lack of support
Alexander Dubcek
Elected in 1968
Freedom of speech, press and travel
Decreased censorship
“Prague Spring”
Ended when Soviets removed him

22. Chapter 33: Life During the Cold War
The Asian Rim

23. The Transformation of Japan
Postwar Japan
US occupied Japan from
Gen. MacArthur was in control
Remodeled society
Established new constitution
Established parliament
Restored emperor’s power to extent
Women given right to vote
September 1951
Japan given independence

24. Transformation of Japan
Japan’s Constitution
Guaranteed basic civil rights
Universal suffrage
3 branches of gov’t (executive, judicial, legislative)
2 party system
Although Liberal Democrats always had the power
Japan’s Government
Establish price and wage policies
Established state capitalism

25. Transformation of Japan
Education
Reform movements
Individualism
Remove loyalty to emperor
Emphasis on work effort
Role of Women
Right to vote
Entered politics
Encouraged to work
Earned less money than men

26. The “Asian Tigers” S. Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong
Imitated Japan’s economy in postwar
1953: Korea
Shift from dictatorship to democracy
1962, elected Park Chung Hee as president
Expanded industrial base
Assassinated in early 1990’s

27. The “Asian Tigers” Taiwan Singapore
Chiang Kai-shek (Former leader of China)
Established government on island of Taiwan
Used US aid to maintain control and kept out Communists
Double food production
Industrialized locally
Singapore
Minister Lee Hsien Loong
Free market economy
Increased banking
Established ship building and oil refineries