1. Ancient India K. Roberts

2. Geography Located along the Indus and Ganges River Himalaya mountains to the northeast Monsoons Summer - blows from the south and southwest, wet Winter - blows from the north and northeast, dry

3. Monsoon Winds

4. Early History Harappa and Mohenjo-daro Ran N to S Public wells sewage system chutes leading to garbage bins

5. Harappa

6. Mohenjo-daro

7. Early History Invasion of Aryans Leaders known as rajahs, fight over control of land creation of new culture iron new plows Writing: Sanskrit History written in the Vedas

8. Social Structure (Caste System)

9. Society Men Head of family Fathers - wisdom and experience Must consult wife and family upon making decisions Received dowry upon marriage Women Restricted to home, if left must cover body viewed to have ‘shakti’ (creative energy) upon death of husband, must join him on funeral fire (sati)

10. Religion Hinduism polytheistic practice yoga to help connect to Brahmin purpose: to seek to know ultimate reality Chief Gods: Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva reincarnation, karma, and dharma Buddhism founder: Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) Goal: Achieve nirvana Follow the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path

11. India as an Empire Maurya Empire Chandragupta Maurya created large empire well-organized bureaucracy built roads/harbors for trade harsh, yet effective, rule (created secret police)

12. India as an Empire Maurya Empire Asoka Huge battle to win Deccan Plateau Horrified at gore of battle converted to Buddhism raised pillars to promote justice and peace erected hospitals and Buddhist shrines after death, princes continued battling for control

13. Ashokan Pillar

14. Mahabodhi Temple

15. India as an Empire Gupta Dynasty Golden Age - time of great cultural achievement Devised number system we use today “Arabic System” concept of zero decimal system Declined due to weak rulers, civil war, and invasions