1. Communication and Management Theory Understanding the Connections

2. Why Study Management Theories or Paradigms? n They form the basis of how managers manage n Mgmt. theories are theories of human behavior n Mgmt. theories are enacted by and through communication n Mgmt. theories are sometimes difficult to decipher

3. Classical Management Theories n Frederick Taylor--Scientific Management n Henri Fayol--General Management Theory n Max Weber--Bureaucratic Theory

4. Four Principles of Taylorism or Scientific Managment n There is one best way to perform a task (use science and time/motion studies) n Select your personnel scientifically n Compensation is based on work output n Strict division of labor--”Managers plan the work, workers work the plan”

5. Fayol’s Management Theory n Fayol’s background and training n Key Concepts – Division of work – Unity of command – Subordination of individual interests – Esprit de corps – Centralization

6. Weber’s Work on Bureaucracy n Remember what Weber is reacting to… n Clear system of authority n Complete, written rules and regulations n Organizational relationships stay impersonal n Selection and promotion based solely on technical competence n Contemporary civil service systems

7. Communication and Classical Management Theories n Driven by managerial authority n Believes people are rational,economic actors n Emphasizes the machine metaphor, workers are merely cogs n Communication is top-down, authority is tied to position

8. Human Relations Movement n Led by Roethlisberger and Mayo of Harvard University n Hawthorne Studies--Western Electric Co. – The IlluminationStudies – The Relay Assembly Room Studies – The Interview Program n The Findings

9. Implications of the Hawthorne Studies n Wake up call for social scientists n Beginnings of people oriented mgmt. n Participation=increased morale= increased productivity=increased managerial control n Managers must forge a relationship with employees facilitating upward and downward communication

10. Human Resources Movement MacGregor’s TheoryX/Theory Y n Theory X – Dislike work – Need to be coerced – Prefer direction – Desires security above all else n Theory Y – Work is natural – Coercion is wrong – Self-Actualization is the key – People will seek responsibility

11. Communication and Human Relations n Messages travel up, down, and across an organization n Decision making is spread throughout an organization n Build an atmosphere of trust and confidence in employees n Decreased levels of managerial control

12. Systems Theory and Organizational Theory n Ludwig von Bertalanfy--biologist n The organization as organism n Systems integration is key insight n Communication networks are privileged n Informal communication is acknowledged

13. Theory Z and Contingency Theory n William Ouchi--Theory Z n Corporate culture emphasizing: – interpersonal relationships – long term employment – collective decision making and collaboration – respect for employees, concern for their well- being