1. Joints, Palpations, & ROM
Foot and Ankle
Joints, Palpations, & ROM

2. Joints:
A synovial joint, also known as a diarthrosis , is the most common and most movable type of joint in the body
Other types: Fibruous and Cartlaginous
Main structural differences between synovial and fibrous joints are capsules surrounding the articulating surfaces of a synovial joint and the presence of lubricating synovial fluid within those capsules (synovial cavities).

4. Joints Toes and Metatarsals:
Interphalangeal joints: These joints connect the phalanges. They’re synovial joints strengthened by collateral and plantar ligaments, and they let you flex and extend your toes.
Metatarsophalangeal joints: They allow you to flex and extend your toes as well as move them apart and closer together.
Intermetatarsal joints
Tarsometatarsal joints
Cuboideonavicular joints

6. joints
Foot:
These two joints allow you to invert and evert the foot
Subtalar joint: This joint is the posterior joint formed between the talus and the calcaneus. It’s a synovial joint, and it’s stabilized by medial, lateral, and interosseous talocalcaneal ligaments.
Transverse tarsal joint: The transverse tarsal joint is actually a combination of the following two joints:
Talocalcaneonavicular joint
Calcaneocuboid

7. Subtalar Joint

8. Transverse Tarsal Joint

9. Joints
Ankle:
The ankle joint is a synovial hinge joint, so you can plantarflex and dorsiflex
The ankle joint is made up of distal ends of the tibia and fibula

10. ROM Toes Ankle Flexion/extension Abduction/Adduction
Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
Inversion/eversion
Circumduction

11. ROM

12. What to palpate – Bony Landmarks
From distal to proximal:
Distal Phalangeals
Heads of the Metatarsals
Styloid process of fifth metatarsal
Sinus Tarsi - soft tissue depression just anterior to the lateral malleolus. (Sinus Tarsi is filled with EDB & fat pad)
Medial and Lateral Malleoli
Head of the Talus
Calcaneous
Shaft of the Tibia and Fibula
Head of the fibula
Tibial Tuberosity

13. What to Palpate – Muscles and Tendons
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Achilles Tendon
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Peroneus Longus

14. Palpations - Foot

15. How to palpate “Palpate with a purpose”
Head of Talus - felt just behind the navicular, by everting & inverting the midfoot.
Sustentaculum Tali - one fingerbreadth below medial malleolus. (serves as an attachment for the spring ligament & supports the talus); can be painful when palpated

16. Palpations - Ankle

17. In class… Pair off and palpate 3 different people’s foot and ankle
Identify bones and ligaments
Continue to work on foot diagram if needed

18. What you need to know for the exam
Where to Palpate specific bones/ligaments
ALL ROM

19. Homework
Color pages 4 and 5 in the packet