1. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education Inc. Lecture 01 – Genetics & Genomics: An Introduction Based on Chapter 1 – Genetics: An introduction

2. What is Genomic Biology? Genomic biology is the scientific study of organismal genomes. A genome is the full complement of genetic information found in an organism, i.e. all of the genes of an organism. This links the beginnings of Genomic Biology and the beginnings of Genetics. A genome, is also the full complement of DNA in an organism.

3. Modern Genetics & Genomics – The foundation of Genomic Science. Genetics & Genomics work has included: Analyzing evolutionary processes. Analyzing heredity in populations. Identifying genes that control steps in processes. Mapping genes. Obtaining the DNA sequence of genes and whole genomes. Determining products of genes. Analyzing molecular features of genes and regulation of gene expression.

4. Classical and Modern Genetics – Milestones Mendel first describes “gene” (1866) Chromosomal theory of interitance & mapping techniques (1911) Genetic material is DNA (1944) DNA structure prediction (1953) Berg (1972) - first recombinant DNA molecule in vitro. Boyer and Cohen (1973) - cloning of a recombinant DNA molecule. Mullis (1986) - polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Genomic sequencing of many viruses and organisms. Powerful new techniques in genetics raise important ethical, legal, and social issues that will need thoughtful solutions. http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/resources/timeline/

5. 2. The Subdisciplines of Genetics & Genomics The subdisciplines of genetics: –Transmission (classical) genetics –Molecular genetics –Population genetics –Quantitative genetics Historically, transmission genetics developed first, followed by population, quantitative, and finally molecular genetics, the predecessor of genomics The subdisciplines of genomics: –Structural genomics –Comparative genomics –Functional genomics

6. Genomic Databases Genomic databases have become more sophisticated as computer analysis tools have been developed. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) has an important website We will utilize the NCBI web site extensively for our laboratories (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov NCBI includes the following bioinformatic tools: PubMed OMIM BLAST GenBank Entrez Protein Structure Database

7. Genetic Maps

8. Organisms for Genetic and Genomic Research Desirable qualities for an experimental organism include: –A well-known genetic history. –A short life cycle so that generations can be studied in a relatively short time. –A large number of offspring from each mating. –Ease of growing and handling the organism. –Marked genetic variation within the population.

9. Organisms for Genetic and Genomic Research - Eukaryotes

10. Organisms for Genetic Research Prokaryotes

11. Alternative Views on Prokaryotes The Tree of Life web project, presents a view on there being 3 major domains of life. –Bacteria (or Eubacteria) – traditionally part of Prokaryota –Archea (or Archebacteria) – traditionally part of Prokaryota –Eukaryota Click on the left figure above* to go to the Tree of Life (TOL) web page. –then examine the “roots” of the TOL using the link provided Click on the right figure above* to go to the UC Museum of Paleontology web page. –Then examine the bacteria, archea, and Eukaryota branches in the figure. * If you downloaded the ppt from Blackboard, click on the link in the study guide instead of the figure.