1. AKS 33:
The Byzantine Empire

2. AKS 33a - Analyze the relationship b/w the
Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire
Must start with Constantine –
He won control of the Eastern Roman Empire.
Then he moved the capital from Rome to a Greek trading port known as Byzantium.
Renamed it Constantinople.
Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire. After . . .

4. AKS 33d-analyze the role of Constantinople as a trading and religious center.

5. CONSTANTINOPLE {AKA BYZANTIUM} ROME
AKS 33d-analyze the role of Constantinople as a trading and religious center.
CONSTANTINOPLE
{AKA BYZANTIUM}
ROME

6. AKS 33d-analyze the role of Constantinople as a trading and religious center.
Strategically located on the Bosporus Strait. It was a THRIVING trading port.
Constantinople became known as the “Golden Horn”.
AKS 33c – Analyze the establishment of Christianity as the official religion of the Byzantine Empire.
Theodosius declared Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire.

7. AKS 33b - Describe the significance of: ~ Justinian's law code
~ Empress Theodora and the role of women
~ Byzantine art and architecture
Before we can talk about “Justinian’s law code”
We have to know who Justinian was.

8. Emperor Justinian. . . I am Justinian:
I was the Emperor of the Eastern
Roman Empire {AKA the Byzantine
Empire} from
I had 3 VERY ambitious goals:
1. Reconquer Roman lands to
the west.
2. Simplify Roman laws.
3. Start a massive building
project to glorify
Constantinople.

9. Justinian’s 1st Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Reconquer Lands to the West
In order to complete my first AMBITIOUS goal
I sent my best general, Belisarius, to gain the lands in the west back.
Of course he was successful. . .
Since he gained back the land in the Western Roman Empire, I became the Emperor of the ENTIRE Roman Empire.

10. Justinian’s 2nd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Simplify Roman Laws
Romans had a TON of laws So I decided to gather up a group of scholars and simplify them.
We came up with a “Code” that consisted of four works We named it “Justinian’s Code”
~ VOCAB WORD ~
Code - A code is a general system of laws, and it stems from the Latin word codex, meaning "book."

11. Justinian’s 2nd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Simplify Roman Laws
Here’s what we came up with. . .
My code lasted for over 900 years!!!!
~ JUSTINIAN’S CODE -
1. The Code: contained the 5,000 Roman
laws that they felt were still useful.
2. The Digest: summarize and quoted
Rome’s greatest legal thinkers of law.
3. The Institutes: A textbook that taught
law students how to use the laws.
4. The Novellae (New Laws): New laws.

12. Justinian’s 2nd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Simplify Roman Laws
Justinian’s 3rd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Massive building program
I decided to start the most massive building program the Roman World had EVER seen
My biggest passion was building CHURCHES.
I viewed churches as the most visible sign of the close connection between church and state in my empire.
After the Hagia Sophia was destoyed – for the 2nd time - during a riot, I had it rebuilt, it was my crowing achievement. . .

13. {The Church of Holy Wisdom}
The Hagia Sophia
{The Church of Holy Wisdom}

14. This is where the Emperors would go to worship privately.
The Imperial Lounge:
This is where the Emperors would go to worship privately.

15. This is the Virgin Mary with Baby Jesus.
Beautiful Mosaics:
This is the Virgin Mary with Baby Jesus.
Justinian is on the left & Constantine is on the right.

16. Justinian’s 2nd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Simplify Roman Laws
Justinian’s 3rd Goal for the Byzantine Empire: Massive building program
I also built baths, aqueducts, law courts, schools, and hospitals. By the time I was finished, my city teemed with an almost visible excitement.
    I’m proud that we preserved the Greco-Roman culture.

17. Byzantine Family Life
Byzantine families valued education—specifically classical learning.
Basic courses for Byzantine students focused on Greek and Latin grammar, and philosophy.
The classics of Greek and Roman literature served as textbooks.
The modern world owes Byzantine scholars a huge debt for preserving many of the great works of Greece and Rome.

18. AKS 33b – Empress Theodora and the role of women
Improved women’s lives in the Byzantine Empire

19. AKS 33b – Empress Theodora and the role of women
First of all, I was born into deep poverty.
My father was a bear trainer for
the Blue Gang of the Hippodrome.
My mother was a dancer/actress.
I became a well-known comedian
and mimic.
I met Emperor Justinian when he came to one of my shows We were married in 525 A.D.
Justinian & I had an equal relationship. He valued my opinion and even allowed me to share power with him.

20. AKS 33b – Empress Theodora and the role of women
I wanted equal rights for men and women.
I made advances for women in divorce, property, guardianship rights over children, death penalty for rape, all of which raised women’s status far above the status quo.
I died of cancer in 548 A.D.
After my death, Justinian didn’t pass any other laws. . . He was too heartbroken.

22. Schism – An official split within an organization.
AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism
~ VOCAB WORD ~
Schism – An official split within an organization.

23. AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism
The Christian Church started to look different in the East than it did the West
Eastern Christianity built its heritage on the works of early Church fathers.
Example - Saint Basil

24. AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism
My name is Saint Basil
Around 357, I wrote rules for the life of monks.

25. AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism
My name is Saint John Chrysostom.
I was the bishop of Constantinople from 398 to 404, that made me the patriarch, or leading bishop of the Eastern Roman Empire.
Even I bowed to the emperor.

26. Icons: religious images used by Eastern Christians to aid devotions.
AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism
My name is Emperor Leo III.
In 730 a.d. I banned the use of icons.
I viewed the use of icons as idol worship.
This is going to start a MAJOR conflict between the East & the West.
~ VOCAB WORD ~
Icons: religious images used by Eastern Christians to aid devotions.

27. AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism
People in the East responded with riots, and the clergy rebelled.
In the West, the pope supported the use of icons.

28. AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism
In 1054: The pope (in the west) & the patriarch (in the east) excommunicated each other in a dispute over religious doctrine.
I’m the Pope!!!
I don’t agree with you, so
I’m excommunicating you!!!!
I’m the Patriarch!!!
I don’t agree with YOU, so
I’m excommunicating you!!!!

29. AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism
The Christian Church officially split:
The Roman Catholic Church in the West
The Eastern Orthodox Church in the East.
THIS WAS KNOWN AS THE GREAT EAST-WEST SCHISM!

30. The Roman Catholic Church
Services in Latin.
Pope has authority over all other bishops.
Pope claims authority over all kings & emperors
Priests may not marry.
Divorce is not permitted.

31. The Eastern Orthodox Church
Services are in Greek.
Patriarch works with other bishops as a group.
Emperor claims authority over the patriarch of the empire.
Priest may be married.
Divorce is allowed under certain conditions.

32. Similarities of the two:
They base their faith on the gospel of Jesus & the Bible.
They use sacraments such as baptism.
Their religious leaders are priests and bishops.
They seek to convert people.