1. Ch 16.3: Circulatory Routes

2. Systemic Circulation -All vessels going to and from body tissues and organs -All systemic arteries branch off from aorta -All systemic veins return through venae cavae and coronary sinus

3. Pulmonary Circulation -All vessels going to and from the lungs -Two pulmonary arteries bring deoxygenated blood to lungs -Four pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood from the lungs

4. Hepatic Portal Circulation -Portal Vein: carries blood from one capillary network to another -Hepatic Portal Vein -Formed by union of splenic and superior mesenteric veins -Receives blood from digestive organ capillaries and delivers it to liver capillaries HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN SUPERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN Hepatic vein Inferior vena cava SPLENIC VEIN

5. Hepatic Portal Circulation -Blood from gastrointestinal organs and spleen delivered to liver -Liver processes substances from blood & pass into general circulation -Liver receives oxygenated blood from hepatic artery -All blood leaves liver through hepatic veins Inferior vena cava Hepatic veins Abdominal aorta Hepatic artery HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN SPLENIC VEIN SUPERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN Stomach, pancreas, and portions of lg. intestine Sm. intestine and portions of lg. intestine, stomach, and pancreas

6. Fetal Circulation -Exists only in the fetus -Contains special structures that allow material exchange with mother -Lungs, kidneys, and GI organs not functional until birth -Material exchange occurs through the placenta and umbilical cord -Two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein UMBILICAL CORD Placenta

7. Inferior vena cava Placenta

8. Hypertension -Defined as persistently high blood pressure -Stage 1: 140-159/90-99 mmHg -Stage 2: > 160/>100 mmHg -Most common disorder affecting heart and blood vessels -Managing hypertension -Weight loss- Manage stress -Don’t smoke- Maintain recommended potassium & calcium levels -Exercise- Limit alcohol consumption -Reduce sodium intake