1. Eukaryotic cell structure

2. Plasma membrane

3. boundary between cell and external environment

4. Plasma membrane boundary between cell and external environment controls movement of material entering and exiting the cell

5. Plasma membrane boundary between cell and external environment controls movement of material entering and exiting the cell ( oxygen, nutrients, etc. enter ~ waste products and excess water leave)

6. Plasma membrane boundary between cell and external environment controls movement of material entering and exiting the cell ( oxygen, nutrients, etc. enter ~ waste products and excess water leave) flexible and allows cell to vary its shape if needed

7. How do things cross a cell membrane ?

8. some materials enter and leave through protein passageways

9. How do things cross a cell membrane ? some materials enter and leave through protein passageways

10. How do things cross a cell membrane ? some materials enter and leave through protein passageways

12. Other materials pass directly through the membrane

13. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region in which they are highly concentrated to a region in which they are less concentrated

14. Cell wall

15. an additional external boundary outside the plasma membrane in some cells

16. Cell wall an additional external boundary outside the plasma membrane in some cells relatively inflexible

17. Cell wall an additional external boundary outside the plasma membrane in some cells relatively inflexible much thicker than the plasma membrane

18. Cell wall an additional external boundary outside the plasma membrane in some cells relatively inflexible much thicker than the plasma membrane found in the cells of plants, fungi, almost all bacteria, and some protists

19. Cell wall an additional external boundary outside the plasma membrane in some cells relatively inflexible much thicker than the plasma membrane found in the cells of plants, fungi, almost all bacteria, and some protists not found in animal cells

20. Cell wall made of different substances in different organisms Cellulose in plants (forms fibers... The fiber in our diet)

21. Nucleus

23. the organelle that manages cell functions in a eukaryotic cell

24. Nucleus the organelle that manages cell functions in a eukaryotic cell contains our DNA

25. Nuclear envelope

26. surrounds the nucleus

27. Nuclear envelope surrounds the nucleus is four layers thick (2 double layers)

28. Nuclear envelope surrounds the nucleus is four layers thick (2 double layers) has large pores (materials can pass between nucleus and the rest of the cell)

29. Chromatin

30. Long strands of DNA

31. Chromatin Long strands of DNA Packs into identifiable chromosomes when cells are dividing (reproducing)

32. Nucleolus

33. A region in the nucleus

34. Nucleolus A region in the nucleus Produces tiny cell particles (called ribosomes) that are involved in protein synthesis

35. Ribosomes

36. The site where the cell assembles enzymes and other proteins according to the directions of the DNA

37. Ribosomes The site where the cell assembles enzymes and other proteins according to the directions of the DNA Are cell organelles

38. Ribosomes The site where the cell assembles enzymes and other proteins according to the directions of the DNA Are cell organelles Are NOT bounded by a membrane.

39. Cytoplasm

40. Material that lies outside the nucleus and surrounds the organelles

41. Cytoplasm Material that lies outside the nucleus and surrounds the organelles A clear fluid

42. Cytoplasm Material that lies outside the nucleus and surrounds the organelles A clear fluid Usually constitutes a little more than half the volume of an animal cell

43. Cytoplasm Material that lies outside the nucleus and surrounds the organelles A clear fluid Usually constitutes a little more than half the volume of an animal cell Most important chemical reactions take place here

44. E.R.

45. Endoplasmic reticulum

46. E.R. Endoplasmic reticulum A folded membrane, surrounded by cytoplasm

47. A large surface area can be packed into a small area by folding the surfaces

48. Can you think of another example of a large surface area in a relatively small space in the human body?

50. E.R. cont’d Has a large surface area on which chemical reactions can take place The site of lipid synthesis in the cell There are 2 types of endoplasmic reticulum...

51. E.R. cont’d Has a large surface area on which chemical reactions can take place The site of lipid synthesis in the cell There are 2 types of endoplasmic reticulum...

52. Rough E.R. Coated with ribosomes Smooth E.R. Area of the endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes

53. Storage in the cell

54. Golgi apparatus

57. series of closely-packed, flattened membrane sacks (looks like a stack of pancakes)

58. Golgi apparatus series of closely-packed, flattened membrane sacks (looks like a stack of pancakes) is a sort of sorting center

59. Golgi apparatus series of closely-packed, flattened membrane sacks (looks like a stack of pancakes) is a sort of sorting center receives new proteins and lipids from the E.R.

60. Golgi apparatus series of closely-packed, flattened membrane sacks (looks like a stack of pancakes) is a sort of sorting center receives new proteins and lipids from the E.R. distributes proteins and lipids to the plasma membrane and other cell organelles

61. Golgi apparatus

62. New proteins and lipids travel from the E.R to the Gogli body.

63. Golgi apparatus New proteins and lipids travel from the E.R to the Gogli body. They travel in small membrane-bound transport packages (or vesicles)

64. Golgi apparatus

65. chemically modifies the proteins it receives

66. Golgi apparatus chemically modifies the proteins it receives repackages proteins and sends them to their final destination in the cell

67. Vacuole

68. space for temporary storage of materials

69. Vacuole space for temporary storage of materials sac of fluid surrounded by a membrane

70. Vacuole space for temporary storage of materials sac of fluid surrounded by a membrane often store food, enzymes, and other materials needed by the cell

71. Vacuole space for temporary storage of materials sac of fluid surrounded by a membrane often store food, enzymes, and other materials needed by the cell Some store waste products

72. Vacuole space for temporary storage of materials sac of fluid surrounded by a membrane often store food, enzymes, and other materials needed by the cell Some store waste products A plant cell has a single large vacuole that stores water and other substances

73. Lysosomes

74. Disassemble things

75. Lysosomes Disassemble things Contain digestive enzymes

76. Lysosomes Disassemble things Contain digestive enzymes Digest excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles, and invading virus and bacteria

77. Structures for Support & Locomotion The cell

78. Less than 50 years ago, scientists thought plastids and other organelles just floated in a sea of cytoplasm...

79. We now know that cells have a support structure called the cytoskeleton within the cytoplasm

81. Cytoskeleton

82. network of thin, fibrous elements

83. Cytoskeleton network of thin, fibrous elements provides support for organelles

84. Cytoskeleton network of thin, fibrous elements provides support for organelles dynamic and constantly changing structure

85. Cytoskeleton network of thin, fibrous elements provides support for organelles dynamic and constantly changing structure Helps maintain cell shape (like poles in a tent)

86. Cytoskeleton network of thin, fibrous elements provides support for organelles dynamic and constantly changing structure Helps maintain cell shape (like poles in a tent) usually composed of microtubules and microfilaments

87. Microtubules

88. thin, hollow cylinders made of protein

89. Microtubules thin, hollow cylinders made of protein act as tracks on which organelles move from place to place

90. Microfilaments

91. thin, solid protein fibers

92. Microfilaments thin, solid protein fibers important in muscle cell contraction and in cell locomotion – the movement of whole cells from place to place

93. Cilia

95. short, numerous hair-like projections out of the plasma membrane

96. Cilia short, numerous hair-like projections out of the plasma membrane tend to occur in a large number on a cell’s surface

97. Cilia short, numerous hair-like projections out of the plasma membrane tend to occur in a large number on a cell’s surface have a coordinated beating activity

98. Cilia short, numerous hair-like projections out of the plasma membrane tend to occur in a large number on a cell’s surface have a coordinated beating activity organisms that contain many cells have cilia that move fluids over a cell’s surface, rather than moving the cell itself

99. Cilia Cilia can be found in windpipe. They beat and propel particles of dirt and mucus towards the mouth and nose, where they are expelled

100. Flagella

101. longer projections that move with a whip- like motion

102. Flagella longer projections that move with a whip- like motion cells that have flagella have only one or two per cell

103. Flagella longer projections that move with a whip- like motion cells that have flagella have only one or two per cell in single-celled organisms, cilia AND flagella are the major means of locomotion