1. 5. How did the Renaissance affect the political system in Europe? A. commerce replacing the Catholic as the unifying force in Europe; B. decline of the Holy Roman Empire and the Roman Catholic Church due to their struggle for political control; C. rulers of the Italian city-states thus empowered for expansion abroad; D. Monarchies consolidated in France/ England/Spain due to their subjects ’ wish for peace/order after civil wars;

2. Papal Palace in Avignon, France In 1305, through the influence of Philip the Fair, king of France, the papal court was moved from Rome to Avignon. This period when the popes were dominated by the French monarchs has become known as the Babylonian Captivity. The papal palace today remains a symbol of this period of exile.

3. Doges ’ Palace, Venice The Doges ’ Palace was a municipal center and residence for the doges or elected leaders of the former Venetian Republic. The present palace dates from the early 14th century. After being damaged by fire on several occasions, the interior was decorated by leading Venetian artists of the 16th century.

4. Renaissance Diplomacy This painting, The Arrival of the Ambassadors is by Venetian artist Vittore Carpaccio. Venice, like other Italian city-states during the Renaissance, competed for prestige and political dominance and relied on diplomacy, and occasionally warfare, to protect its interests.

5. Louis XI, king of France, was considered one of the “ new monarchs, ” who were able to strengthen their control over European governments in the late 15 th century.

6. Thomas More ’ s Utopia This woodcut depicts the island that symbolized More's concept of an ideal community. More, who was a statesman as well as a writer, used the fictional Utopia to satirize conditions in England.

7. 6. How did the Renaissance affect the church and religion? A. a society based on money rather than faith hit the Catholic Church; B. popular heretical religion emerged proposed to do away with church; C. Mystics sought direct revelations from God without the church so as to deepen the religious life of the individuals; D. many humanists hoped to reform Christianity by education, not faith;

8. Pope Leo X Pope Leo X, who was a member of the Medici family, was a strong supporter of the arts. The pope commissioned this portrait from the noted Renaissance painter Raphael, whom he also named as the chief architect for renovations of Saint Peter ’ s Basilica in Rome. During the Renaissance, the Roman Catholic Church experienced a decline in power and prestige, although popular religious fervor remained high.

9. Savonarola Put to Death in Florence Girolamo Savonarola was a popular preacher of repentance in Florence during the Renaissance, but he denounced important political and religious figures, including the pope, for moral corruption. Eventually the church charged him with heresy. In 1498 Savonarola was hanged and then burned at the stake in Florence ’ s Piazza della Signoria.