1. History
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
Dutch Cloth Inspector
1684

2. “wee animalcules”
Reported to the Royal Academy of Science

3. Louis Pasteur - 1822- 1895 French Chemist
“Chance Favors the Prepared Mind”
- Spontaneous Generation 1864
Swan-necked Flask
Ignored Spores

4. John Tyndall 1. Tyndall box 2. Tyndallization
- Helped Pasteur Twice
Air
2. Tyndallization
Method to sterilize heat sensitive materials
Boil Incubate Boil Incubate Boil Sterile

5. Germ theory
Pasteur – Wine disease
Lady Montagu

6. Lady Montagu , 1718
Introduced variolation to England

7. Edward Jenner 1798
Smallpox vaccination
Smallpox eradicated 1979

8. Ignaz Semmelweis, 1850
Asked Doctors to wash hands between patients

9. Joseph Lister ,1867
Introduced antiseptics to hospital

10. Robert Koch
Anthrax
Koch’s postulates

11. Koch’s Postulates
1. Suspected pathogen always present in diseased animal
2. Isolated microorganism in pure culture
3. Re-inoculate healthy organism with pure culture and cause disease
4. Re-isolate the pathogen in pure culture
Began the Concept of “Guinea Pig”?
Lead to Discovery of the Cause of Tuberculosis

12. Chicken Cholera Pasteur at his best? Attempted Koch’s postulates
Used old (attenuated) cultures
Re-inoculates Chicken
Protective “Vaccine”

13. Pasteur’s Chicken Cholera Experiment
2nd Experiment
1st Experiment
Fresh Culture
Old Culture
Attenuated
Virulent
Vaccinated
Healthy Chickens
Live Chicken
Dead Chickens

14. Rabies Vaccine Charles Chamberland Filterable “Viruses” Farmer’s Cure?
Dried Spinal Tissue
Attenuated Virus?
Joseph Meister
First Rabies Vaccine

15. Antimicrobial Agents Paul Ehrlich Agent 606 Domagk - Prontosil
Alexander Fleming Penicillin
Alexander Fleming

17. Selman Waksman, 1942
Streptomycin
Rutgers's Waksman Institute

18. Modern Molecular Microbiology
Watson&Crick 1953

19. Kohler & Milstein 1979 - Monoclonal Antibodies
George Kohler
Cesar Milstein

20. Boyer & Cohen 1975 - Recombinant DNA

21. Woese & Fox Archaea – 1977
Carl Woese
George Fox

22. Stanley Pruisner 1981 Prions

23. Human Immunodeficiency Virus – AIDS 1983
Luc Montagnier Robert Gallo

24. Genomics Kary Mullis – 1988 Polymerase Chain Reaction
PCR – “DNA copying”

25. Craig Venter , Hamilton Smith & Claire Fraser 1995
Bacterial Genome
Haemophilus influenzae

26. Human Genome Sequence
Venter & Collins 2000?
TIGR

27. Ed Delong
Marine Archaea
Proteorhodopsin
SAR

28. Metagenomics
Craig Venter

29. Craig Ventor & Clyde Hutchinson 2010
Synthetic Cells?
Craig Ventor & Clyde Hutchinson 2010

31. History Word List Antonio van Semmelweis Attenuation Leeuwenhoek
Lister 1867
Chamberland
1684
Robert Koch
Viruses
Spontaneous
Anthrax 1876
Alexander
Generation
Koch’s
Fleming
1864
Postulates
1929
Louis Pasteur
Tuberculosis
Waksman
Germ Theory
Chicken
Watson
Lady Montagu
Cholera
Crick 1953
Jenner 1798
Vaccine
1975

32. Word list 2 George Kohler & Cesar Milstein, 1979 Monoclonal Antibodies
Stanley Cohen &
 Herbert Boyer
Recombinant DNA
Carl Woese &
George Fox, 1977
Archaea
Stanley Pruisner, 1981
Prions
Kary Mullins, 1988
PCR
Craig Venter &
Hamilton Smith,
1995
Human Genome Project 2000

33. Microbiology Timeline