1. The George Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Science Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECE122 – 30 Lab 3: Layout of a Buffer Jason Woytowich Ritu Bajpai Modified on September 20, 2007

2. Objective Our objective today is to learn to get the layout for our module, in L- Edit. For this we first design a buffer in S-Edit. Obtain it’s layout in L-Edit. Simulate the extracted view in T-Spice. 2

3. Buffer What is a buffer? A buffer is a circuit which does not affect the voltage of a circuit (voltage buffer) or current of a circuit (current buffer) yet alters the desired parameters to improve the performance of the circuit. 3

4. Why a buffer? For example a buffer can be used as an impedance transforming state at the output. It can be used to reduce the output impedance of a circuit while keeping the voltage response unchanged. Or a buffer can also be used as a wave shaping stage for digital circuits. 4

5. Layout Basics 1 Layout of the chip defines the various layers associated with the masks used in fabrication. The goal of layout process is to implement the design in a compact area while satisfying the design rules set by the foundry. 51. Analysis and design of digital integrated circuits by Hodges Jackson and Saleh.

6. Schematic Using S-Edit A buffer module is created using 2 SCMOS inverters, placed in series and terminated on 2 sides by input and output ports as shown below. 6

7. Creating a symbol Once you have your schematic ready, go to the symbol mode for your module in S- Edit and create a symbol for the buffer. 7

8. Instantiating the buffer Instance your buffer into a new module and add pads to the inputs and outputs. I saved this module as Buffer_wPads 8

9. Exporting the design Export your design as a tpr file. 9

10. Open L-Edit Replace Setup: C:\TannerLib\SCMOS\mhp_n05d.tpr 10

11. Replace set up 11

12. SPR Setup in L-Edit Go to SPR->Setup Fill in the paths for the tech library and your netlist 12

13. SPR Place and Route in L-Edit Go to SPR->Place and Route, Hit Run 13

14. Layout Using L-Edit If it completes correctly you will see this: 14

15. Top view of layout with pad frame 15

16. Note the pads on the pad frame We see that there are total 4 pads on the pad frame. Two of them correspond to the pads that we attached at the input and the output of the buffer. Other two correspond to Vdd and Gnd. 16

17. Zoomed in top view of the layout 17

18. Obtaining cross-sectional view of the layout Cross sections Process Definition File is C:\Program Files\Tanner EDA\L-Edit 11.0\samples\tech\mosis\mhp_n05.xst 18

19. Cross sectional view of the layout 19 You will not see the exactly same cross-sectional view as shown above because it depends on the co-ordinate you choose.

20. Cross-sectional view You can choose pick option from the cross-section window instead of defining the co-ordinate and use the cursor to choose the co-ordinate on top view where you want to see the cross-sectional view. 20

21. Choosing Pick option 21

22. Simulating Your Layout Once that we have a layout we can simulate our design with parasitic capacitances. First we will draw ports over each of the pad with Metal3 selected. We will give them descriptive names. 22

23. Zoom into the top view 23

24. Metal layers in the layout Metal 1 Metal 2 Metal 3 You can use the drop down menu to see the metal layers are color coded as shown above. 24

25. Metal layers in the layout Metal 1 is used for Gnd and Vdd. Metal 2 is used for in and out connects. We will use metal 3 for the ports on the pad. 25

26. Adding the ports 26 1. Select Metal 3 from Drop down menu. 2. Click on the port option.

27. Placing the ports Follow the metal 2 layer connecting node in to the pad and zoom into the pad. Click on the port. 27

28. Adding the ports 28 Click OK and click on the pad to drop the port name.

29. Adding the ports Note: You might not be able to see the port name appear on the pad after you place it as the text appears in black color and you really have to zoom in to be able to see it. Add ports to each out, Gnd and Vdd pad. 29

30. Port name zoomed in! 30

31. Simulating Your Layout Copy the file C:\TannerLib\tech\mosis\mhp_n05.ext into your working directory Make the following modification # Linear capacitor using Cap-Well # device = CAP( # RLAYER=cap using Cap-Well; # Plus=poly wire; # Minus=ndiff; # MODEL=; # ) 31

32. Simulating Your Layout Go to Tools->Extract 32

33. Simulating Your Layout 33

34. Simulating Your Layout From the S-Edit window click on the T-Spice tab to open the output in T-Spice. Add simulation commands and power supplies Replace signal names where necessary.include "C:\Program Files\Tanner EDA\T-Spice 9.1\models\ml2_125.md".tran/powerup 2n 400n method=bdf.print tran v(In,Ext_Gnd) v(Out,Ext_Gnd) V1 Ext_Vdd Ext_Gnd 5.0 V2 In Ext_Gnd PULSE (5V 0V 0 1n 1n 50n 100n) I named my ports on the pads as In, Out, Ext_Gnd and Ext_Vdd. Node V1 has Ext_Vdd as 5V w.r.t Ext_Gnd. Node V2 has In w.r.t Ext_Gnd as a PULSE input whose parameters are defined within brackets. 34

35. Homework Implement the following functions as a single module using only NAND gates from the SCMOS library. Test and layout. Extra points for optimal designs X = ((!A)B + A(!B)C) 35