1. DANIEL 9

2. LEVITICUS 26:13-26 God rescues Israel from Egypt Reject God’s commands
Sudden terror; Disease; Enemies rule
Still do not obey - Punish 7 times more
Break pride; Make living hard (drought)
Still do not obey - Increase plague 7x
Wild beasts will kill children & livestock
Not turned to God - Strike you 7 times
Pestilence; Sword to execute vengeance
1. God rescues Israel from Egypt (v13). Not be slaves, broke bonds, walk erect
2. Reject God’s Commands - Do not obey; break God’s covenant (v15)
● Sudden terror; Disease; Enemies rule (v16)
3. Still do not obey - Punish 7 times more for your sins (18)
● Break pride; Make living hard (drought) - Make living hard (19)
Elijah - God did not let it rain for 3 years 6 months (1 kings 17:11; Lk 4:25)
4. Still do not obey (unwilling); act with hostility - Increase plague 7 times (v21)
According to your sins (punishment matches the crime)
● Wild beasts will kill children & livestock (v22)
2 Kings 17:25 - God sent lions
5. Not turned to God, act hostile - Strike you 7 times for your sins (v23-24)
● Pestilence; Sword to execute vengeance; Delivered to enemies (v25)
Food will be scarce - not be satisfied

3. LEVITICUS 26:27-39 Still do not obey - Punish 7 times
Eat your children; Kill you on idols; Lay waste your cities; Sanctuaries desolate
Enemies will live in the land - Disgusted
Scatter Israel among the nations
Perish among the nations
Land will rest and enjoy its sabbaths
Rest it did not get while Israel lived on it
1. Still do not obey (act hostile) - Punish 7 times (wrathfully) for your sin (27-28)
● Eat your children (2 Kings 6:28-29); Kill you on idols; Lay waste your cities;
Sanctuaries desolate - God abhors you (v30-31)
● Enemies will live in the land - But will be appalled (disgusted) at it (v32)
● Scatter Israel among the nations (v33) - Assyrian & Babylonian captivity
● Perish among the nations - Enemy will consume you (v38)
2. Land will rest and enjoy its sabbaths - All the days of desolation (v34, 43)
● Rest it did not get while Israel lived on it (v35, 43)
Because of both your and forefathers sin, they would rot away

4. LEVITICUS 26:40-44 If they confess fathers and their sins
Heart becomes humble - Debt for sin
God will remember His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and the land
Land will make up for its sabbaths, while the people make up for their sins
God will not reject His people, as to destroy them, nor will He break his covenant
1. Confess fathers and their sins - Of unfaithfulness, acting hostilely (v40)
God was also acting hostilely
2. Heart becomes humble - Debt for sin (v41)
3. God will remember His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, Jacob & the land (v42)
4. Land will make up its sabbaths, while the people make up for their sins (v43)
5. God will not reject His people, as to destroy them, nor will he break his
covenant - He is the LORD their god.

5. DANIEL 9:1-3 1st year of Darius
Reading Jeremiah Jer 25:11-12 "'And this whole land shall be a desolation and a horror, and these nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years. {12} 'Then it will be when seventy years are completed I will punish the king of Babylon and that nation,' declares the LORD…"
Sought God’s attention
1. 1st year of Darius - Made king over the Babylonians
Darius’ linage - Son of Ahasuerus, Median descent
2. Reading Jeremiah the prophet - ~ years later (Jer 25:11-12)
Read in the books (cannon of scripture?)
Observed that God had set 70 years for the desolation of Jerusalem
Promise to bring them back again after 70 years (Jer 29:10)
3. Sought God’s attention
By prayer and supplications with fasting, sackcloth and ashes
Is aware that 70 years is/almost complete

6. DANIEL 9:4-7 GOD’S ATTRIBUTES ISRAEL’S SIN
V4 Great & awesome keeps His covenant Lovingkindness for those who love Him & keep commands
V5 Committed sin, iniquity Acted wickedly Rebelled Turned aside from commandments
V6 Did not listen to God’s prophets
V7 Open shame to all Jews Exiled - Unfaithful deeds
V7 Righteousness

7. DANIEL 9:8-11 GOD’S ATTRIBUTES ISRAEL’S SIN
V8 Open shame to our leaders Sinned against you
V9 Compassion and forgiveness
V9 Rebelled against God
V10 Not obeyed God or His prophets teachings
V11 Cursed Israel as promised
V11 Transgressed law Turned aside, sinned

8. DANIEL 9:12-15 GOD’S ATTRIBUTES ISRAEL’S SIN
V12 Confirmed his words, brought on great calamity
V13 Promises written in the law come true
V13 Not sought the favor of the Lord. Not turned from iniquity nor given attention to truth
V14 Kept the calamity in store. Is righteous in all
V14 Not obeyed God’s voice
V15 Saved people out of Egypt, name for himself
V15 Sinned and been wicked

9. DANIEL 9:16-19 God’s attributes Israel’s sin Petition
V16 Righteous acts
V16 Sins, reproach to all
V16 Anger and wrath turn away from your city & holy mountain
V17 Listen to prayer let your face shine on Your sanctuary
v16 - Because of our sin, Israel and Jerusalem have become a reproach to all
Reflects bad on God. Ps 9:11 - God lives in Zion (Jerusalem)
Viewed as: the god whose temple is destroyed, he himself is powerless
v17 - For Your sake do these things
v18 - We offer supplications not on our own merits but Your great compassion
v19 - For your own sake - do not delay because your city and people are called
by Your name
Total lack of self interest and deep concern for God’s name
V18 Great compassion
V18 Turn & hear, open eyes & see our desolations & Jerusalem
V19 Hear, forgive, listen & take action, do not delay

10. DANIEL 9:20-24 While still praying The man Gabriel Seventy Weeks
Finish the Transgression
Make an end of sin
Make atonement for iniquity
Bring in everlasting righteousness
Seal up vision and prophecy
Anoint the most holy
1. While still praying - Daniel included himself in the sins of Israel
2. The man Gabriel - Same Gabriel from a previous vision (8:15-16)
Angel’s flying? Latin Vulgate - “Quick flying” (not valid; from moving quickly)
Daniel was extremely weary (due to prayer, vision?)
About the time of the evening sacrifice - Mid afternoon (day=6pm-6pm)
Not that sacrifices had started again but timeframe would be remembered
Came to give insight with understanding
Command was issued at the beginning of Daniel’s prayer-Marks end of exile
Daniel (for the people) fulfilled God’s requirement for restoration (Lev 26)
Physically came to tell Daniel (highly esteemed)
Pay attention to the message (command) & understand the vision (70 weeks)
Same word used for “command” (v23), “message” (v23) & “decree” (v25)
3. Seventy Weeks - Been decreed for Jews and Holy City (Jerusalem)
● Finish the transgression
● Make an end of sin
● Make atonement for iniquity
● Bring in everlasting righteousness
● Seal up vision and prophecy
● Anoint the most holy [place] - Place has been added by the translators
Person or object can be considered

11. DANIEL 9:25-27 Seven & Sixty-two weeks (69) One week - Firm covenant
Seven Weeks - Jerusalem built again
Sixty-two weeks - Messiah cut off
One week - Firm covenant
Middle of week - Stop sacrifice, desolations & destruction
1. Seven & Sixty-two weeks (69)
Begins - From the issuing of a decree to restore & rebuild Jerusalem
Ends - Until Messiah the Prince
● Seven Weeks - Jerusalem built again
With plaza and moat
Even in times of distress
● Sixty-two weeks - Messiah cut off
Have nothing
People of the prince will destroy the city and temple
Ends with a flood and war (desolations are determined)
2. One week - Firm covenant (with many)
● Middle of week - Stop sacrifice, desolations & destruction
Stop sacrifice & grain offerings
On the wing of abominations - one who makes desolate even to destruction
One who is decreed, is poured out on one who makes desolate
70 WEEKS 7 62 1

12. WHAT ARE THESE? 70 Weeks (70 sevens) Literal year and a half?
70 Sabbath years?
70 x 7 years = 490 years
Figurative Divine time?
Punish 7 times for sin (each phase)
More punishment of 10 sevens (70 yr)
Ultimate plan of 70 sevens
Increasing figure of 7x1; 7x10; 7x70
1. 70 WEEKS - 70 “sevens”
● Literal year and a half? Nehemiah rebuilt the walls in 53 days (Neh 6:15)
● 70 Sabbath years?
Lev 25:1-7 - Every 7th year was a sabbath year
Land would produce 3 years worth for years 6, 7 & 8 (v22)
Land to lie fallow; People would live off what the land produced
Lev 25: Year after the 7th sabbath (50th) was called Jubilee
Land and servitude sold would return to owner or freed (13, 39-40)
○ 70 x 7 years = 490 years
● Figurative Divine time?
○ God promised Israel that He would punish them 7 times for sin (each
phase) Lev 26
○ God punishes Israel harder; Lets the land rest 10 sevens
70 years Israel is in captivity (Jer 25:11; 29:10)
○ God reveals His plan to “finish transgression” - ultimate 70 sevens,
culminating in “atonement for iniquity” and “everlasting righteousness”
Jesus is Lord of the sabbath (Mt 12:8)
○ Increasing figure of “7” then “7x10”, then “7x70” not literal 490 years
God would have said years if literal (Jer 25:11), but He said “sevens”

13. WHAT ARE THESE? Finish transgression Make an end of sin
Return from captivity
Completed at the cross
Make an end of sin
In Jesus sin is blotted out
Make atonement for iniquity
Jesus made atonement for sin once for all
1. Finish the transgression (Jeremiah’s writings)
● Return from captivity - Confessed sins and humbled heart (Lev 26:40-41)
Ezk 4: Israel would “pay” 390 years for their sin and Judah 40 years
● Completed at the cross - Complete/finish transgression (Jesus)
2. Make an end of sin
● In Jesus all sin is blotted out (Acts 3:19 - Repent…sins may be wiped away)
3. Make atonement for iniquity
Atonement for sin was made by the high priest with blood sacrifices
● Jesus made atonement for sin - He offered himself once for all (Heb 7:27)
God has a way to forgiving sin without being untrue to his righteousness
Is this not what Daniel was alluding to in his prayer?

14. WHAT ARE THESE? Bring in everlasting righteousness
Jesus’ baptism
Death on the cross
Seal up the vision and prophecy
Fulfill the scriptures
Anoint the most holy
Temple, finally Jesus
1. Bring in everlasting righteousness
● Jesus baptism - Was to fulfill (bring about) all righteousness (Mt 3:15)
● Death on the cross - God demonstrated Jesus’ righteousness (Rom 3:25)
2. Seal up vision and the prophecy
Seal up - to close (letter) or authenticate with ones seal or signature
● Fulfill the scriptures - regarding prophecy that God made (Jn 17:12; 19:28)
Messianic prophecies; God “seals” us as Christians (2 Cor 1:21-22)
3. Anoint the most holy
● Temple, finally Jesus - Cyrus is called God’s anointed (Is 45:1)
Israelite King was referred to as the Lord’s anointed (1 Sam 24:6)
Levitical priests were also anointed (Lev 4:3,5)
Furniture in the tabernacle was anointed (Ex 30:26-29) - Not Most Holy
In 539 BC concern was centered around restoration of the temple
“Something greater than the temple is here” - Mt 12:6-8 (Jesus)
Ultimate anointed of God is Jesus (Lk 4:18); Priest & king (Heb 7:1,17)

15. WHAT ARE THESE? Issuing of a decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem
Command of God to Gabriel - Immediate
Decree of Cyrus the Great BC
Command of Artaxerses BC
Messiah the prince
“Anointed” = Messiah (Heb); Christ (Gk)
Messiah will be cut off & have nothing
Killed or New covenant; Without trial
1. Issuing of a decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem (Begin. limiting factor)
● Command of God to Gabriel - Immediate
● Decree of Cyrus the Great (539 BC) - for exiles to return home
“Decree” v25 is the same word used in v23 as heavenly “command” issued
Would correspond to the timeframe of the heavenly command issued
BUT Eza 1:1-3 - To build the house of the Lord (Temple) not Jerusalem city
● Command of Artaxerses Longimanus BC
Neh 2:7-8 - Letters given Nehemiah for resources for rebuilding Jerusalem
“Even in times of distress” - Samaritans tried to keep them from building
2. Messiah the prince - Messiah means “anointed”, prince means “leader”
See point 3 of previous page regarding “anointing the most holy”
● “Anointed” = Messiah (Heb); Christ (Greek); Jesus the Christ (Messiah)
3. Messiah will be cut off & have nothing
● Cut off - killing in general
(Heb) for cutting of a covenant sacrifice (Gen 15:10,18)
Jesus instituted a new covenant with his blood (Heb 9:16)
“Have nothing” has also been translated “without trial” and “unjustly”

16. WHAT ARE THESE? People of the prince who is to come
Army of the Ruler sent to destroy
Destroy the city and the sanctuary
Jerusalem and the Temple
City's end will come with a flood
“Outburst” or “overflowing”
He will make a firm covenant
Destroyer will make an agreement
Jesus ushering in a new covenant
1. People of the prince who is to come
● Army of the Ruler sent to destroy (Roman Emperor)
2. Destroy the city and the sanctuary
● Jerusalem and the Temple - Only destruction since rebuilding is at 70 AD
3. City’s end will come with a flood
● Translated “outburst” or “overflowing”; As flood waters wipe out & destroy
4. He will make a firm covenant - Who is the “he”
● Destroyer will make an agreement with the people?
● Jesus ushering in a new covenant (Ministry of 3-3½ years)

17. WHAT ARE THESE? Put a stop to sacrifice & grain offering
One that keeps Jews from worshiping
Jesus’ atoning blood, voids sacrifices
On the wing of abominations, one who makes desolate
Roman sacrilege in the Temple (70 AD)
Even a complete destruction
Destruction of Jerusalem (70 AD)
One decreed, poured out on desolator
1. Put a stop to sacrifice & grain offering
● One that keeps Jews from worshiping - Army of invading Prince to come
● Jesus’ atoning blood, voids sacrifices (Heb 7:26-27)
2. On the wing of abominations, one who makes desolate
Wing of abominations (idolatrous worship), one who makes desolate (waste)
Jesus quotes Daniel - Event has not taken place (Mt 24:15) or is drawing
from past history familiar events, from the “shadow”, of things to come
● Roman sacrilege in the Temple area (70 AD) - Josephus - “And now the
Romans…upon the flight of the seditious into the city. And upon the burning
of the holy house itself, and all the buildings round about it, brought their
ensigns into the temple, and set them over against its eastern gate; and
there they did offer sacrifices to them, and there did they make Titus
“Imperator: with the greatest acclamations of joy.” Jewish Wars, b. vi. Ch. Vi. Section 1.
3. Even a complete destruction
● Destruction of Jerusalem - 70 AD (~Ending limiting factor)
Jerusalem was destroyed under the Roman General Titus
4. One decreed, poured out on desolator
Elected person, overcomes desolator
Messiah (everlasting kingdom) overcomes Rome (kingdoms of men)
Stone breaking the feet (ch2); Dominion taken away from beasts (ch7)

18. 7 70 WEEKS 62 1 SIMILARITIES BETWEEN DANIEL 2,7 AND 9
1. Ending limited factor of the Everlasting kingdom
Kingdom will not be destroyed; Endure forever (2:44)
Everlasting Kingdom (7:27)
Everlasting righteousness (9:24)
2. Given an everlasting kingdom:
Presented to the Ancient of Days (7:14)
Anoint the most holy (9:24)
3. 4th kingdom similarities
◘ Destruction
Made of iron, would crush and break into pieces (2:40)
Iron teeth, crushed & trampled (7:7)
Destroy the city (Jerusalem) and the sanctuary (Temple) - 9:26
◘ Remove the sacrifice:
Alter time & law (7:25);
Put a stop to the sacrifice (9:27)

19. HISTORICAL VIEW Uninspired View - History after the fact
Jeremiah’s 70 years consisted of the first 7 weeks
Anointed one is Cyrus the great (Isa 45:1) or Jesua the high priest (Ezr 3:2)
Temple Restored 164 BC
70 WEEKS 7 62 1
Temple desecrated
Babylonian Captivity
Cyrus decree High Priest Onias BC murdered 171AD

20. Future rapture, tribulation
DISPENSATIONAL VIEW
2nd Coming
Future rapture, tribulation
Artaxerxes decree 445 BC
70 WEEKS
Messiah killed
Prophetic gap
Jerusalem rebuilt 7 1 62

21. TEACHER’S VIEW (subject to change)
Seal vision & prophecy
Artaxerxes decree 445 BC
Jerusalem destroyed AD 70
70 WEEKS 7 62 1
Rebuilding the walls
Jerusalem Messiah complete appears
1. Not a literal 490 years - 70 x 7
2. Finish Transgression - Complete 390 years (Israel’s sin). Ultimately in Christ
3. Make an end of sin & make atonement for iniquity - Christ’s blood covers all
5. Bring in everlasting righteousness - Through Jesus’ righteousness (kingdom)
6. Seal vision & prophecy - Fulfill the Messianic prophecies
7. Anoint the most holy - God gives Jesus dominion, glory and a kingdom
8. Decree to rebuild and restore Jerusalem - Artaxerxes 445 BC
9. After the 62 weeks - Messiah appears (ministry). Just like kings reigns are
measured from coronation, so Christ begins his ministry at baptism
10. Times of distress - Samaritans try to stop Jews from building (Neh 4:1-23)
11. Messiah cut off - Jesus’ death on the cross
12. Destroy the city and sanctuary (war & desolations) - Jerusalem & Temple
13. Make a firm covenant with the many (either)
◘ Jesus teaching the kingdom of heaven (new covenant)
◘ Enemy enforces new law (idolatry). Fits with ch7’s little horn
14. Stop to sacrifice and grain offering
◘ Jesus nails the old law to the cross, making sacrifices meaningless
◘ Enemy’s new law restricts Jewish worship
15. One who makes desolate - Enemy desecrates and destroys city
Finish the transgression
End of sin Make atonement Anoint the most holy Everlasting Righteousness

22. QUESTIONS
1. In what way is God specifically in control in this chapter
Answering Daniel’s prayer, revealing future events of ultimate atonement

23. STUDENT’S VIEW (MAKE YOUR OWN STUDY NOTES)
70 WEEKS 7 62 1