2. Basic research leads us to a greater understanding of how the natural world operates.

3. Applied research aims to develop useful applications from the knowledge gained from basic research.

4. The Functions of Science pure scienceapplied science the search for knowledge; facts using knowledge in a practical way

5. Science attempts to establish cause-effect relationships. 

6. Pure Science The search for facts about the natural world. ? - In science, we often try to establish a cause-effect relationship. - Driven by curiosity: the need to know, explore, conquer something new.

7. Applied Science The practical application of scientific discoveries. -Also known as technology “technology” - Used to improve our lives Cell phones Biodegradable garbage bags

8. Corning Glass FAILED…but SUCCEEDED at making great cookware that can withstand extremes in temperature. Design a face shield to protect and provide clear vision.

9. Fertilizers (5-15-10) Nitrogen (N) –Promotes vegetative growth, making the plants lush and green –Excess nitrogen: few blooms (flowers) Phosphorous (P) –Gives energy and vitality –Promotes rapid maturity and flowering Potassium (K) –Promotes strong plant growth and deep roots –Helps plants become more disease-resistant Fertilizers help plants produce more food.

10. saccharin A compound, C 7 H 5 NO 3 S, that is several hundred times sweeter than can sugar and is used as a calorie-free sweetener. Table Sugar = sucrose (glucose + fructose) Formula: C 12 H 22 O 11 [C 12 (H 2 O) 11 ] Dehydration of Sucrose: C 12 H 22 O 11 + 11 H 2 SO 4 12 C + 11 H 2 SO 4. H 2 O HOCH 2 HO OH HO O O O CH 2 OH

11. risk-benefit analysis weigh pros and cons before deciding Because there are many considerations for each case, “50/50 thinking” rarely applies.

12. How does scientific knowledge advance? 1. curiosity 2. good observations 3. determination 4. persistence

13. Aluminum Mining Charles Martin Hall 1850s: aluminum sold for $500 / pound Developed method to extract aluminum from bauxite Hall’s method –1 pound Al costs 30 cents 4-6 pounds bauxite current1 lb Al + =