1. Grammar Review Nouns

2. Common vs. Proper Nouns  Common NounsProper Nouns teacherMrs. Rasinen teacherMrs. Rasinen schoolFoley High School schoolFoley High School stateAlabama stateAlabama restaurantSonic restaurantSonic countryArgentina countryArgentina bookBrave New World bookBrave New World

3. Making Nouns Plural 1. Add an –s to most nouns to make them plural. Ex. dog=dogstest=testscar=cars 2. Add –es to singular nouns ending in –ch, -sh, -s, - x, or –z. Ex. bench=benchesbrush=brushes dress=dressesbox=boxesquiz=quizzes 3. Change f to v and add –es to the end of most singular nouns ending in f, lf, or fe. Ex. knife = knivesleaf = leaves 4. Change the y to i and add –es to a singular noun ending in a consonant followed by y. Ex. fly=fliesbattery=batteriespenny=pennies

4. Making Nouns Plural 5. Add an –s to a singular noun ending in a vowel followed by y. Ex. day=daysboy=boyskey=keys 6. Add –es to most words ending in o and preceded by a consonant. Ex. potato=potatoesecho=echoes 7. Add an –s after the most important word in a hyphenated compound noun or to one written as two words to make it plural. Ex. brother-in-law=brothers-in-law computer drive=computer drives computer drive=computer drives 8. Memorize odd or irregular plurals. Ex. man=menwoman=womenchild=children tooth=teethgoose=geesefoot=feet

5. Give It a Try!  Make the following nouns plural lunch- mother-in-law lunch- mother-in-law success- video game success- video game flower- star flower- star tomato- fox tomato- fox try- penny try- penny life- toy life- toy wife- church wife- church

6. Give It a Try!  Make the following nouns plural lunches- mothers-in-law lunches- mothers-in-law successes- video games successes- video games flowers- stars flowers- stars tomatoes- foxes tomatoes- foxes tries- pennies tries- pennies lives- toys lives- toys wives- churches wives- churches

7. Making Nouns Possessive  Possessive nouns show possession or ownership.  Use apostrophes to make nouns possessive, NOT PLURAL.  NEVER use an apostrophe to make a pronoun possessive.

8. Making Nouns Possessive  Add an apostrophe and a –s to a singular noun. Ex. kitten’s tailwife’s speech  If a singular noun ends in –s and is one syllable, add an apostrophe and a –s. Ex. dress’s collarglass’s color  If a singular noun ends in –s and is more than one syllable, add an apostrophe. Ex. business’ strategy  Add only an apostrophe to a plural noun that ends in –s. Ex. fans’ excitementstudents’ scores  Add an apostrophe and –s to a plural nouns that does not end in –s. Ex. children’s booksoxen’s stalls

9. Give It a Try! (cookie) decoration (cookies) decorations (Joneses) house(Jones) house (children) books(women) clothing (story) characters(stories) characters (Keats) poems(containers) lids

10. Give It a Try! cookie’s decoration cookies’ decorations Joneses’ houseJones’s house children’s bookswomen’s clothing story’s charactersstories’ characters Keats’s poemscontainers’ lids

11. Joint Ownership  When showing possession for compound constructions, the placement of the apostrophe s indicates who owns the object. Joint Ownership My mother and father’s house My brother and sister’s treehouse Each entity owns each object My mother’s and father’s houses Tom’s, Cathy’s, and Casey’s tennis rackets

12. Compound Nouns  A compound noun is a noun made up of two or more words. Open Open Gray fox, press secretary, line of sightGray fox, press secretary, line of sight Hyphenated Hyphenated Father-in-law, tenth-grader, good-byeFather-in-law, tenth-grader, good-bye Closed Closed Headlight, postmaster, policemanHeadlight, postmaster, policeman

13. Collective Nouns  A collective noun refers to a specific group of persons or things. Ex. Group, club, team, couple, city, congregation, class, jury, swarm, flock Ex. Group, club, team, couple, city, congregation, class, jury, swarm, flock  The noun is singular if the entire group is acting as one. The jury is ready with the verdict. The jury is ready with the verdict. The class averaged a high score. The class averaged a high score.  The noun is plural if the individual members of the group are acting. The jury are discussing their opinions. The jury are discussing their opinions. The class are preparing for their tests. The class are preparing for their tests.

14. Pronouns – Replace Nouns  1 st Person Singular – I, me Singular – I, me Plural – we, us Plural – we, us  2 nd Person Singular – you Singular – you Plural – you Plural – you  3 rd Person Singular – he, him, she, her, it Singular – he, him, she, her, it Plural – they, them Plural – they, them

15. Possessive Pronouns – Replace Possessive Nouns  1 st Person Singular – my, mine Singular – my, mine Plural – our, ours Plural – our, ours  2 nd Person Singular – your, yours Singular – your, yours Plural – your, yours Plural – your, yours  3 rd Person Singular – his, her, hers, its Singular – his, her, hers, its Plural – their, theirs Plural – their, theirs

16. Types of Pronouns  Personal (I, she, they, him, you)  Possessive (my, hers, their, theirs, your, our)  Reflexive and Intensive (myself, himself, themselves)  Demonstrative (this, that, these, those)  Interrogative (who, what, whose, whoever)  Relative (that, whoever, whose, which, who)  Indefinite (all, any, both, each, one, several)