1. Reconstruction Virtual Museum By Matt Sternberg Matt Sternberg’s

2. Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan Offered a pardon to any Confederate who would take an oath of allegiance to the Union and accept federal policy on slavery Offered a pardon to any Confederate who would take an oath of allegiance to the Union and accept federal policy on slaverypardon Denied pardons to all Confederate military and government officials and to southerners who had killed African American war prisoners Denied pardons to all Confederate military and government officials and to southerners who had killed African American war prisoners Permitted each state to hold a convention to create a new state constitution only after 10 percent of voters in the state had sworn allegiance to the Union Permitted each state to hold a convention to create a new state constitution only after 10 percent of voters in the state had sworn allegiance to the Union States could then hold elections and resume full participation in the Union States could then hold elections and resume full participation in the Union

3. Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan Pardoned southerners who swore allegiance to the Union Pardoned southerners who swore allegiance to the Union It permitted each state to hold a constitutional convention without any allegiance requirement It permitted each state to hold a constitutional convention without any allegiance requirement States were required to void secession, abolish slavery, and repudiate the Confederate debt States were required to void secession, abolish slavery, and repudiate the Confederate debt States could then hold elections and rejoin the Union States could then hold elections and rejoin the Union

4. Congress Reconstruction Plan Required ex-Confederate men to take an oath of past and future loyalty and to swear that they had never willingly borne arms against the United States Required ex-Confederate men to take an oath of past and future loyalty and to swear that they had never willingly borne arms against the United States

5. Physical Toll of Civil War on the South Civil War destroyed two thirds of the South’s shipping industry Civil War destroyed two thirds of the South’s shipping industry Damaged 9,000 miles of railroads Damaged 9,000 miles of railroads Ruined farmland, farm buildings, and machinery Ruined farmland, farm buildings, and machinery Killed work animals Killed work animals Killed one third of all livestock Killed one third of all livestock Destroyed bridges, canals and levees Destroyed bridges, canals and levees Ruined thousands of miles of roads Ruined thousands of miles of roads Damaged factories, ports, and cities Damaged factories, ports, and cities Value of southern farm property went up 70% Value of southern farm property went up 70%

6. This is a picture taken in Richmond, Virginia after the Civil War

7. Human Toll of Civil War on the South The South lost 260,000 soldiers, one fifth of its adult white men The South lost 260,000 soldiers, one fifth of its adult white men One third of all southern men were killed or wounded One third of all southern men were killed or wounded Many civilian deaths Many civilian deaths

8. 13 th Amendment Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865 Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865 Ratified on December 6, 1865 Ratified on December 6, 1865 When voters reelected Lincoln they showed that that they accepted his stand against slavery When voters reelected Lincoln they showed that that they accepted his stand against slavery 13 th Amendment ended slavery in the United States 13 th Amendment ended slavery in the United States

9. 14 th 14 th Amendment Congress was worried that courts might take strike down the Civil Rights Act Congress was worried that courts might take strike down the Civil Rights Act Passed by Congress in June 1866 Passed by Congress in June 1866 Ratified in 1868 Ratified in 1868 14 th Amendment talked about who is and who is not a citizen 14 th Amendment talked about who is and who is not a citizen

10. 15 th Amendment Passed by Congress in February 1869 Passed by Congress in February 1869 Ratified in March 1870 Ratified in March 1870 15 th Amendment said no citizen can be denied the right to vote by the United States or any state 15 th Amendment said no citizen can be denied the right to vote by the United States or any state

11. Reconstruction Act of 1867 Put the South under military rule, dividing it into 5 districts, each governed by a northern general Put the South under military rule, dividing it into 5 districts, each governed by a northern general Ordered southern states to hold new elections for delegates to create new state constitutions Ordered southern states to hold new elections for delegates to create new state constitutions Required states to allow all qualified male voters, including African Americans, to vote in the elections Required states to allow all qualified male voters, including African Americans, to vote in the elections

12. Reconstruction Act (continued) Temporarily barred those who had supported the Confederacy from voting Temporarily barred those who had supported the Confederacy from voting Required southern states to guarantee equal rights to all citizens Required southern states to guarantee equal rights to all citizens Required the states to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment Required the states to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment

13. This is a map of how the South was divided under the Reconstruction Act

14. Effect of Reconstruction on freedmen Economy was bad Economy was bad Many freedmen found themselves homeless, jobless, and hungry Many freedmen found themselves homeless, jobless, and hungry Some slaves kept working on plantations Some slaves kept working on plantations Some freedmen moved west for new jobs Some freedmen moved west for new jobs

15. Effect of Reconstruction on poor Southern Whites Had trouble finding work because of the new job competition with freedmen Had trouble finding work because of the new job competition with freedmen Many poor white families migrated to Mississippi and Texas Many poor white families migrated to Mississippi and Texas

16. Effect of Reconstruction on plantation owners Lost slave labor worth $3 billion Lost slave labor worth $3 billion Stuck with worthless Confederate money Stuck with worthless Confederate money Many had to sell their property to pay debts Many had to sell their property to pay debts

17. Successes of Reconstruction Union is restored Union is restored South’s economy grows and new wealth is created in the North South’s economy grows and new wealth is created in the North Fourteenth and fifteenth amendments guarantee African Americans the rights of citizenship, equal protection under the law, and suffrage Fourteenth and fifteenth amendments guarantee African Americans the rights of citizenship, equal protection under the law, and suffrage Freedmen’s Bureau and other organizations help many black families obtain housing, jobs, and schooling Freedmen’s Bureau and other organizations help many black families obtain housing, jobs, and schooling Southern states adopt a system of mandatory education Southern states adopt a system of mandatory education

18. Failures of Reconstruction Many white southerners remain bitter toward the federal government and the Republican Party Many white southerners remain bitter toward the federal government and the Republican Party The South is slow to industrialize The South is slow to industrialize After federal troops are withdrawn, southern state governments and terrorist organizations effectively deny African Americans the right to vote After federal troops are withdrawn, southern state governments and terrorist organizations effectively deny African Americans the right to vote Many black and white southerners remain caught in a cycle of poverty Many black and white southerners remain caught in a cycle of poverty Racist attitudes toward African Americans continue in the South and the North Racist attitudes toward African Americans continue in the South and the North

19. Election of 1876 Republican Rutherford B. Hayes lost the popular vote to Democrat Samuel Tilden Republican Rutherford B. Hayes lost the popular vote to Democrat Samuel Tilden Hayes claimed victory based partly on wins in Republican States Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina Hayes claimed victory based partly on wins in Republican States Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina Democrats said Tilden won in those states Democrats said Tilden won in those states There were enough Democrats in Congress to reject the Republicans’ decision that Hayes won There were enough Democrats in Congress to reject the Republicans’ decision that Hayes won 2 parties made Compromise of 1877, Hayes won 2 parties made Compromise of 1877, Hayes won

20. End of Reconstruction As part of the Compromise of 1877, Hayes agreed to remove the remaining federal troops from southern states As part of the Compromise of 1877, Hayes agreed to remove the remaining federal troops from southern states Also agreed to support appropriations for rebuilding levees along the Mississippi River Also agreed to support appropriations for rebuilding levees along the Mississippi River Gave huge subsidies to southern railroads Gave huge subsidies to southern railroads Democrats regained control of southern politics and ended Reconstruction Democrats regained control of southern politics and ended Reconstruction

21. South following Reconstruction Blacks in the South struggles with poverty and unemployment Blacks in the South struggles with poverty and unemployment Condition of freedmen worsened Condition of freedmen worsened Freedmen’s Bureau closed Freedmen’s Bureau closed Jim Crow laws segregated many public accommodations such as trains, steamboats, street cars, and schools Jim Crow laws segregated many public accommodations such as trains, steamboats, street cars, and schools Restricted blacks from theaters and restaurants Restricted blacks from theaters and restaurants

22. My opinion of Reconstruction Reconstruction worsened relationships between whites and blacks Reconstruction worsened relationships between whites and blacks Helped the economy Helped the economy Helped the south rebuild Helped the south rebuild Overall I think Reconstruction was a good thing Overall I think Reconstruction was a good thing

23. Pardon an official forgiveness of a crime an official forgiveness of a crime Click here to return to Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan