2. The Saint Louis  William Lyon Mackenzie King (PM) sympathetic to German Jews but convinced they would threaten national unit and his party’s political support where gov’t opposed all immigration  Tragedy showed depth of anti-Semitism in Canada  Spring 1939 >900 Jews leave Germany on boat  Initially bound for Cuba trying to avoid persecution but turned away  Appealed to help of Canada and US  Both refuse to accept them  Forced to sail back to Europe into occupied territory  More than half killed by Nazis

3. The Children  > 1 million persecuted and murdered by Nazis between 1933 and 1945  Anne Frank Diary chronicled life in hiding at 13 for 2 years Sent to Westerbork transit camp and killed Father only one to survive Diary published as memoir and testimony

4. Canada’s Role  Between 1933 and 1945 opened doors to <5,000 Jewish people  Anti-Semitism in Canadian government  Cdn immigration officer F.C. Blair in 1930s encourages Hitler to find “domestic solutions” to the ‘Jewish problem’  Canada uses immigration act to exclude Jews and other ‘undesirable’ ethnic groups until 1948

5. Jewish Refugees in 12 years of Nazi rule…. Country# of Jewish Refugees United States200,000 Palestine125,000 Britain70,000 Argentina50,000 Brazil27,000 China25,000 Bolivia and Chile14,000 CANADA5,000

6.  Denied Jews to public facilities in Toronto during 1920s and 1930s  RIGHT: Montreal

7. Postwar Immigration into Canada  “None is too many” – Cda official regarding how many Jews to let into Canada  Start to change in 1940s Need for workers in Cdn factories I.e. not for humanitarian reasons but for economic reasons  Pleas from Jewish community Govt allows 1000 Jewish war irogans  New Immigration Act in 1952 allowed more Jewish immigrants Up to 40,000 Holocaust survivors made Canada their new home

8. What Canada Knew  Letters from refugees desparate to escape  Extensive press coverage  1938 Blair writes aknowledgement that Jews facing discrimination  1942 ‘Final Solution’ was discovered  July 1944-April 1945 forces helped liberate camps  At that point, full knowledge disclosed