1. Spelling it all out: FRAD, ISNI, RDA, VIAF automation and the future of authority control Alan Danskin Metadata & Bibliographic Standards Coordinator British Library A. Rose, by any other name: a workshop on authority control CILIP HQ, Ridgmount St., London Friday 23rd October, 2009

2. 2 Overview Challenge Scope Scalability Automation The solution? –Interparty, FRAD, RDA, MARC 21, –EAC, FO:AF; ISNI, VIAF, Names 2 Conclusions

3. 3 Functions of the catalogue The catalogue should be an efficient instrument for ascertaining…which works by a particular author are in the library. Statement of Principles, Paris, 1961 The catalogue should be an effective and efficient instrument that enables a user …to find sets of resources representing all resources associated with a given person, family, or corporate body Statement of International Cataloguing Principles, 2009

4. 4 Scope of authority control Which names do we control? Names of authors and some contributors of published books Composers of sheet music Names of corporate bodies responsible for official publications Names associated with resources catalogued since 1981 Names associated with audio or audio visual resources, where possible Which names do we exclude? Names of authors of journal articles or chapters of published books Contributors whose names fall towards the end of the alphabet or whose contribution we regard as insignificant Names associated with archival or manuscript material Names derived from older catalogues Names associated with most Web Resources Names in the content management system / institutional repository

5. 5 Publication and research The only major exceptions to the dominance of the journal article are the continuing high status attached to monographs and edited volumes in the humanities, and to practice-based outputs in the arts. Yet even in the humanities, journal articles are now by far the largest publication format by volume; In computer science, for example, the pace of change means that conferences are particularly important, and these may attract higher prestige than journal articles…Repositories have achieved less traction in the humanities and social sciences than in many science and engineering subjects. Communicating knowledge: How & why UK researchers publish & disseminate their findings / Research Information Network and JISC. 17 September 2009 http://www.jisc.ac.uk/publications/document s/communicatingknowledgereport.aspx

6. 6 The problem There is a gap between ambition and delivery Only some names on some types of resources are controlled User expectations are changing Silos: Libraries / Archives / Repositories / Museums National practices Institutional practices Variance over time Is partial authority control acceptable to users? If not, will it be acceptable to administrators?

7. 7 UK published output 2009-09 213404 1525662

8. 8 Workflows Current workflows are not scalable Retrospective Cataloguer driven Decision making Is A. Rose PhD the same person as Dr. Alex Rose, University of London? What other information is available? Is it sufficient to match or disambiguate the identities? Is there a website / contact details?

9. 9 Rethinking the process Capture information about the person, family or corporate body at the time the resource is created Devolve responsibility to authors, publishers, researchers and academics Libraries and bibliographic agencies focus on quality control, complex relationships and conflict resolution. Capture information in a way that is machine intelligible. Identification of entities not disambiguation of headings 100 10. $aLuckombe, Philip,$dd. 1803 046 ## $g1803 100 10. $aLuckombe, Philip,$dd. 1803

10. 10 Automation Identification ISNI Contextual information FRAD, RDA, MARC 21 Matching VIAF, Names Linking Controlled vocabularies Confidence

11. 11 Models Interparty - http://www.interparty.org/http://www.interparty.org/ EU Project 2002-2003 Public identities not persons Linking not merging Authority – i.e. who makes the assertion FRAD Functional Requirements for Authority Data Extension of FRBR model to authority data Separation of names from the person, family or corporate body Recognition of different rules http://www.ifla.org/publications/ifla-series-on-bibliographic- control-34

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13. 13 choice of access points form of headings references FRBR relationships attributes of FRAD entities FRAD relationships access points are controlled RDA will replace AACR2 RDA is based on the FRBR and FRAD Models AACR2 does not cover authority control RDA does, but doesnt use the term authority control http://www.rda-jsc.org/

14. 14 ISNI: International Standard Name Identifier ISNI 1422 4586 3573 0476 Registration Metadata http://www.isni.org/ Draft ISO Standard (ISO 27729) A bridge Identification of Public Identities Natural Persons Legal Persons Fictional Characters Groups Incorporated entities Libraries, rights management, book trade, publishers, media content industries

15. 15 VIAF: The Virtual International Authority File Match & Link Authority Files Reduce costs Increase utility Retrospective alignment of bibliographic data Prototype http://viaf.org/http://viaf.org/ Linked Data http://outgoing.typepad.com/outgoing/2009/09/viaf-as-linked- data.html OCLC Bibliothèque nationale de France Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Egypt) National Library of the Czech Republic Deutsche Nationalbibliothek National Library of Israel Library of Congress/NACO National Library of Sweden Vatican LibraryBibliothèque nationale de FranceBibliotheca Alexandrina (Egypt)National Library of the Czech RepublicDeutsche NationalbibliothekNational Library of IsraelLibrary of Congress/NACONational Library of SwedenVatican Library

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17. 17 VIAF: The Virtual International Authority File Match & Link Authority Files Reduce costs Increase utility Retrospective alignment of bibliographic data Prototype http://viaf.org/http://viaf.org/ Linked Data http://outgoing.typepad.com/outgoing/2009/09/viaf-as-linked- data.html OCLC Bibliothèque nationale de France Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Egypt) National Library of the Czech Republic Deutsche Nationalbibliothek National Library of Israel Library of Congress/NACO National Library of Sweden Vatican LibraryBibliothèque nationale de FranceBibliotheca Alexandrina (Egypt)National Library of the Czech RepublicDeutsche NationalbibliothekNational Library of IsraelLibrary of Congress/NACONational Library of SwedenVatican Library

18. 18 Names Funded by JISC Repositories and preservation programme Led by MIMAS British Library is a partner National Names Service Phase 1 – prototype Data model based on FRAD Mappings from MARC 21; ISAAR CPF; SWAP; NLM DTD Phase 2 – Develop national names service Author submission Institutional Repositories UKPMC Intute

19. 19 Its not just about libraries… FO:AF Friend of a Friend Social networking metadata Granularity of parts of a name http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/ EAC-CPF: Encoded Archival Context – Corporate Bodies, Persons, and Families Communication standard for exchange of authority records ISAAR (CPF) Draft Standard http://eac.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/

20. 20 Conclusion Controlling names remains important in the context of linked data and the Semantic Web Identification and collocation of variants is more important than establishing a preferred form Current techniques are not scalable Automation and participation are the way forward Web services for identification No simple solution Exension of the collaborative model

21. 21 Links and references Encoded Archival Context: Corporate Bodies, Persons, and Families http://eac.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/ FO:AF (Friend of a Friend) http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/ Functional Requirements for Authority Data: a conceptual model http://www.ifla.org/publications/ifla-series-on-bibliographic-control-34 International Standard Names Identifier (ISNI) http://www.isni.org/ Interparty Project http://www.interparty.org/ Communicating knowledge: h ow & why UK researchers publish & disseminate their findings http://www.jisc.ac.uk/publications/documents/communicatingknowledgereport.aspx

22. 22 Links and references The knowledge network: British Library annual report & accounts, 2008/09 http://www.bl.uk/about/annual/2008to2009/index.html Library of Congress Acquisitions and Bibliographic Access Directorate Report of Fiscal Year 2008 (Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2008) http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/aba08.pdf Names Project http://names.mimas.ac.uk/ Statement of International Cataloguing Principles http://www.ifla.org/publications/statement-of-international-cataloguing-principles RDA: Resource Description & Access http://www.rda-jsc.org/ United Kingdom Repositories: table of record totals http://www.nostuff.org/ircount/table.php?frequency=monthly&country=uk Virtual International Authority File: VIAF http://viaf.org/