1.  TIME PERIOD: (1870 to 1900)  BIG IDEAS ◦ ____________  ESSENTIAL QUESTION (Please answer) ◦ Why do people immigrate to other countries? Make a list of some “PUSH” and “PULL” factors

2.  1866 to 1915, 25 million _________________________________  Before 1880, mostly from northern and western Europe (“____ _____________”) ◦ WHERE?  After 1880, mostly from southern and eastern __________ (“______ immigrants”) ◦ WHERE?

3.  Why did many Chinese immigrate to ___________ in 1848?  1851 to 1883, 300,000 _________ arrived  By 1920, 200,000 Japanese lived on _____________  Angel Island  Why did these two groups settle on the west coast?

4.  Transportation technology of the time?  _____________________ voyage ◦ ________________________ ◦ 3 weeks from Asia  Many traveled in _________________ ◦ Cheapest accommodations; in ship’s cargo area at bottom of ship ◦ Why? ◦ Titanic connection ◦ READ ALOUD “THE LOWER DECK”

5.  Do you guys have any relatives that passed through Ellis Island?  Immigration station that ______________immigrants for __________, ________________________________________  Would send immigrants back to their home country if failed test (see test on page 463)  Immigrants were __________________  Asian immigrants went to ______________ off of San Francisco, but unlike __________, they were treated very poorly ◦ Why do you think there was a difference?

6.  What is it? What are the pros and cons of it?  Some of the new immigrants were not interested in __________________ or becoming American  They wanted to return to their home country with enough money saved to buy a _________  Connection to present-day immigrants from Central America?  Most immigrants came to __________________ to bring rest of family to US  Most wanted to become _________________but retain some of their culture and customs ◦ Why was this important to them?

7.  1890, twice as many Irish in __________________________________  What is the difference between “melting pot” analogy and “mosaic” analogy?  _______________________________: designed to ______________________ into the dominant culture. ◦ _________________________ ◦ What was the dominate culture? Attributes? ◦ Who wanted immigrants to assimilate? ◦ Did immigrants completely assimilate?

8.  Nativism: favoritism to __________________ Americans  Social and economic ___________________, but ____________________________ preserved  Nativists felt that immigrants could not become _______________________  Nativists justify their arguments for immigrant restrictions on Southern and Eastern Europeans and Asians using _____________________  American Protective Association and the “____________________________”

9.  Inventions and improvements in farming caused fewer laborers to be needed in the fields  Where do you think these farm laborers went? Why?  Many of these _________________ were African American ◦ Blacks moved to ______________________ like Detroit and Chicago for jobs (pull) and escape racial violence (push) ◦ City life for blacks was nonetheless difficult- _______________________________________, job competition with immigrants

10.  Garbage, clean water, sewage, overcrowded, crime, vice  Tenement living-___________ How the Other Half Lives ◦ One tub ________________ ◦ _____________________-no circulation of air ◦ ______________________________ ◦ Crime ◦ Unsanitary conditions-dark and dank, pests  Wealthy flee cities to __________________

11.  As problems in cities pile up, concerned citizens (reformers) sought to make things better for poor city people  _________________________ ◦ Reformers established these ◦ They were community centers in slum neighborhoods that assisted people in the area ◦ ___________________________________

12.  All cities’ problems prompted solutions  _______________, paved streets, electric trolley cars,  Suspension __________ using steel cables ◦ _______________ and Roebling, NJ (Extra Credit Assignment) ◦ View short video on Brooklyn Bridge  Steel girders and skyscrapers  Parks  New _________________________ designs