1. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk UKOLN is supported by: EnTag: Enhancing Social Tagging for Discovery K. Golub, C. Jones, B. Matthews, J. Moon, M. L. Nielsen, B. Puzoń, D. Tudhope JCDL 2009, Austin, Texas

2. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk classification system knowledge.organization.system thesaurus descriptors classes controlled vocabularies subjectindexing information retrieval searching finding information+retrieval folksonomy folksonomies social_tagging social tagging tagging tags keywords

3. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk EnTag project UK JISC One year Six institutional partners http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/projects/enhanced-tagging/

4. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk Objectives Social tagging only versus Social tagging combined with controlled vocabulary –Indexing aspects –Influence on retrieval Two studies –Major: Intute subject gateway

5. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk Intute http://www.intute.ac.uk http://www.intute.ac.uk

6. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk Intute metadata

7. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk Approach

8. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk Demonstrator 11,042 stripped records Politics Interfaces –Searching –Simple: free tagging –Enhanced: DDC / LCSH / Relative Index

9. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk Intute demonstrator: searching Searching

10. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk Intute demonstrator: Enhanced Tagging interfaces

11. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk Enhanced interface

12. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk User study 1 Research questions –Choice of tag –Retrieval implications Participants –28 UK politics students –Little tagging experience

13. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk User study 2 Data collection –Logging –Three questionnaires Four tagging tasks –Two controlled, two free –Tag 15 documents in each task

14. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk User study 3 Hypothetical group project scenario Instructions –5 to 10 min per document –Open document but focus –Try consider enhanced suggestions where appropriate Imagine that as part of one of your courses, you are asked to write a four-page essay on the topic of European integration, as a joint project in groups of four. The essay should critically discuss existing theories about the creation of the European Union and its institutions. Your lecturer has instructed you to look for resources in the EnTag system. Since you will be working together with three other students, you should tag the documents you retrieve with tags that would be useful to you but would also enable other students to find those documents in EnTag and understand from your tags what the documents are about.

15. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk Results

16. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk Number of tags 7,568 tags in total 278 tags per person 94 + 751 documents tagged (controlled + free task) More in simple interface More in free task

17. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk Tag selection Simple interface –91% freely assigned Enhanced interface –71% freely assigned –17% controlled tags Other features (both interfaces) –8% other taggers tags –2% main tag cloud –< 1% own tag

18. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk Browsing for tags Simple interface –73% others tags –17% main tag cloud –10% own tag Enhanced interface –74% controlled vocabulary –18% others tags

19. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk Retrieval implications Versus metadata records –All tags: new access points for 36% documents –Controlled tags: new access points for 69% documents Search terms –More in tags than in (un)controlled keywords (2x / 3x)

20. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk Post-questionnaires 1 Post-task –Familiar / easy / satisfied / certain –Useful: own tags, DDC disambiguation pane, DDC suggestions –Not useful: main tag cloud, others names, hierarchical DDC pane

21. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk Post-questionnaires 2 Post-study –Easy to learn and useful in real life –Simple + + Simplicity, speed, freedom of choice No suggestions –Enhanced + + Suggestions Inappropriate suggestions, cluttered interface, number of steps

22. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk Conclusions Controlled vocabulary suggestions valued if appropriate More access points potential Value of consistency for IR

23. A centre of expertise in digital information management www.ukoln.ac.uk Further research Qualitative analysis Enhancements –Controlled vocabulary –Auto suggestions –Interface Motivation for tagging