1. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES LECTURER PROF.Dr. DEMIR BAYKA

2. IMPORTANT DESIGN FACTORS 1. INLET MANIFOLD 2. INLET PORTS 3. INLET VALVES 4. SUPERCHARGING

3. IMPORTANT OPERATIONAL FACTORS 1. CHARGE HEATING 2. RESIDUAL GAS FRACTION 3. THROTLING IN SI ENGINES 4. ENGINE SPEED

4. VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY CALCULATION ACTUAL mass of induced air mass of air that can THEORETICALLY be induced

6. OPERATIONAL FACTORS 1. HYDRAULIC LOSSES 2. CHARGE HEATING 3. RESIDUAL GAS FRACTION

7. HYDRAULIC LOSSES ARE AFFECTED BY 1. ENGINE SPEED 2. GEOMETRY OF COMPONENTS

8. slowfast CISI

9. where and

12. for a 45 degree angle

18. IMPORTANT OPERATIONAL FACTORS 1. CHARGE HEATING 2. RESIDUAL GAS FRACTION 3. THROTLING IN SI ENGINES 4. ENGINE SPEED

19. OPERATIONAL FACTORS 1. HYDRAULIC LOSSES 2. CHARGE HEATING 3. RESIDUAL GAS FRACTION

20. CHARGE HEATING IT IS NECESSARY IN BOTH SI AND CI ENGINES

21. SI ENGINES FOR A CARBURETOR BEFORE THE FUEL EVAPORATES fuel enters as small liquid droplets into air and the mixture absorbs heat as droplets evaporate

22. AFTER A PORTION OF THE FUEL EVAPORATES enthalpy of air enthalpy of evaporated fuel enthalpy of liquid fuel

23. = for

24. = -19 C for iso-octane= -128 C for methanol FOR FULL EVAPORATION

25. 1. NORMALLY ALL OF THE FUEL DOES NOT EVAPORATE 2. THERE IS SOME CHARGE HEATING

26. EFFECT OF VAPOR IN AIR IS COMPENSATED BY TEMPERATURE DROP DUE TO EVAPORATION

27. OPERATIONAL FACTORS 1. HYDRAULIC LOSSES 2. CHARGE HEATING 3. RESIDUAL GAS FRACTION

28. RESIDUAL GASES ARE AFFECTED BY : 1. NUMBER OF CYCLES ( 2 or 4) 2. THE SIZE OF THE CLEARANCE VOLUME 3. AIR / FUEL RATIO 4. ENGINE SPEED (GAS INERTIA)

33. 2 STROKE CYCLE ENGINES

36. TURBO CHARGING