1. Romanticism

2. Ballet… Continues to develop and remain popular New Conventions: – Pointe shoes become popular (defying gravity) – Skirts/tutus get shorter to show the more complicated steps that are developing

3. Star Ballerinas become the fashion… Maria Taglioni (1804 – 1884) 1 st to excel en pointe Establishes the bell- shaped tutu as the norm Originates the title role of La Sylphide (one if the first Romantic ballets) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uw4zPn59ei I&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uw4zPn59ei I&feature=related (55:00) Paris, 2004

4. Star Ballerinas become the fashion… Fanny Elssler (1810 – 1899) Perfects the art of character dancing (acting & dancing)

5. Star Ballerinas become the fashion… Fanny Cerrito (1817-1909) Known as a dancer AND choreographer Dances the pas de quatre with other ballerinas of the day Studies technique with Carlo Blasis

6. Star Ballerinas become the fashion… Lucile Grahn (1819-1899 Was a dancer & ballet producer Danced the Pas de quatre

7. Star Ballerinas become the fashion… Carlotta Grisi (1819- 1899) Originates the role of Giselle Dances in the pas de quatre http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Hjf YNr_31w&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Hjf YNr_31w&feature=related (London, Royal Ballet, 2007)

8. Code of Terpsicore 1830 Carlo Blasis (dancer, teacher, choreographer) writes this handbook for the teaching of ballet It is still in use today, without many changes Originates the “attitude” position Teaches at Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Italy

9. Romantic Theatre Central beliefs: There is a higher truth than the physical (the spiritual ) The less sophisticated the person… the more “pure” he/she is The physical side of a person is often at odds with the spiritual One can only become a superior human being when one is in touch with the artist or philosopher in ourselves

10. German Romantic Theatre Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) Writes Faust, parts 1 (1808) & 2 (1831) It is significant because it’s a turn away from the standard Faust which is usually a morality tale His Faust becomes a musical work and an opera for many of the best composers of the time

11. French Romantic Theatre Literary works are translated for the stage: Victor Hugo’s Cromwell, Dumas’ 3 Muskateers and The Count of Monte Cristo Edmond Rostand’s play, Cyrano de Bergerac

12. Melodrama melody + drama Conventions… Uses background music to heighten the emotional impact of a scene on the audience (lyrical music = love scene/ominous music – danger) Use big, detailed scenery Simplified characters (good or evil) Stock characters with little character development Actors use exaggerated movements & poses Frantic chase scenes, duels, fights, etc. Working –class audiences grow because of the added emotional appeals

13. Melodrama stock characters… VillainHero Villain’s sidekickDamsel in distress

14. Theatre Spaces… the giant Auditorium! As interest increases, theatres are built with more and more capacity (2000+) in the proscenium style Seats change from wooden benches to comfy, individual chairs Sets are more elaborate (need to be seen) Acting style is much more deliberate so that the voices project to everyone Everything becomes more historically accurate Technology develops… hydraulic lifts are built into the stage floor – gas lighting is used and can be controlled

15. The Auditorium Theatre, Chicago

16. The Drury Lane Theatre, London ( a.k.a. the Royal Theatre)