1. Do Now: 2/24 1) What are three qualities of a good leader. Explain
Do Now: 2/24 1) What are three qualities of a good leader? Explain. 2) What are three qualities of a terrible leader? Explain.

2. Notes #4 THE WORLD AFTER WWI 1919-1939

3. TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES– WHAT THEY GOT
France:
Reparations from Germany
Land rich in natural resources
Britain:
Control of German colonies
Control of German boats
United States:
League of Nations
New nations in Europe
Germany:
Lost 10% of land & colonies
Accept responsibility for war
Pay $5 Billion in reparations
Military disbanded

4. Europe 1919 New Countries: Finland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland
Austria
Hungary
Czechoslovakia
Yugoslavia
Turkey

5. POSTWAR DEMOCRACIES Little experience with representative governments
Too many political parties
Coalition Governments didn’t work: too many disagreements
Weak gov’ts in difficult times changed for totalitarian rulers

6. THE DAWES PLAN 1924-1930 U.S. GERMANY ALLIES (GB/FR)
$2.6 Bill War debts to be repaid; U.S. goods imported to rebuild economies
U.S. lends
$2.6 bill to Germany; spent on building up German economy
Germany uses increased tax revenues to pay $2.0 bill reparations to France
GERMANY

7. WEIMAR REPUBLIC of GERMANY
Established in 1919
No democratic tradition in Germany
Post-WWI Germany had many political parties
Many people blamed the Weimar Gov’t for the problems Treaty of Versailles

8. HYPER-INFLATION IN GERMANY

9. HYPER-INFLATION IN GERMANY

10. HYPER-INFLATION IN GERMANY
Wartime taxes not increased
German gov’t printed money to pay for war
and to pay for war reparations forced by the Treaty of Versailles
Prices increased while the value of the currency (Mark) fell
People unable to afford basic necessities

11. THE UNITED STATES: OVERPRODUCTION AND UNDERCONSUMPTION
Factories:
U.S. factories producing large amounts of goods
Most people in U.S. too poor to purchase these goods
Store owners cut back orders from factories
Factories reduce production; workers fired
Farms:
Large amount of crops
Competition from foreign crops
Surplus food drives prices down
Farmers don’t make profit; cannot make loan payments
Farmers lose land to banks

13. Do Now 2/25/15
Write the following question and answer them using the following slide. (#1 will also help you with #4 for the 13.2 questions)
What was the peak unemployment rate for the U.S., Britain, and Germany in 1932?
What event signaled a dramatic rise in unemployment throughout the west?
Who seems to have a bigger positive influence on reducing unemployment; Hitler or FDR? Why do you think this is the case?

14. UNEMPLOYMENT,
FDR & NEW DEAL
HITLER
STOCK MARKET CRASHES

15. The Rise of Totalitarianism
Unit 6 Notes #5
The Rise of Totalitarianism

16. Dictatorship and One-party rule Blind obedience to leader
CHARACTERISTICS OF TOTALITARIANISM USSR, FASCIST ITALY, NAZI GERMANY All shared the following…
Dictatorship and One-party rule
Blind obedience to leader
State more important than individual
State control of economy
use of police spies and terror to enforce gov’t rules
Gov’t control of media: indoctrination and mobilization of citizens; spread ideology to kids
strict censorship of artists and intellectuals

17. The Political Spectrum

18. DIFFERENCES Communism: (USSR) International change Classless society
Support from urban factory workers and farmers
Ideas based on Karl Marx
Fascism: Italy/Spain
Nazism: Germany
Enemies of socialists & communists!
Highly nationalist- war is good!
Class divisions
Support from business leaders, land owners, middle class
Ideas differed somewhat by country

19. What is Fascism? By Benito Mussolini
“Fascism is the complete opposite of [Communism]…it combats the whole system of democracy…it denies that the majority [of the people] can direct society…For Fascism the growth of the empire and war is essential…”
BELIEFS OF FASCISM:
Loyalty to the state
Extreme nationalism
Peaceful states would be conquered
Uniforms and special salutes
Mass rallies
Each class has a place & function

20. Benito Mussolini “Il Duce”
ITALIAN FASCISM
Wanted to rescue Italy from poor economy, rebuild military after WWI
“Black shirts” terrorized Communists
1922 Italian Prime Minister
Abolished democracy and all opposition; won support of middle class, aristocracy, industry leaders
Italy became the model for fascism in Spain and Germany
Benito Mussolini “Il Duce”

21. Do Now 2/27/15 Analyze the political cartoon on page 429:
What was the purpose (goal) of the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
Do you think the cartoonist feels that a fire insurance policy is enough to prevent a fire? Why?
What point is the cartoonist making about the pact?
Use background information from page 429 if you need help.

22. Ideology A form of extreme right-wing ideology.
Celebrates the nation or the race over individual happiness
Powerful and continuing nationalism.
Constant use of patriotic mottos, slogans, symbols, songs, etc.
Flags are seen everywhere.

23. Subordination to the State
Nothing is more important than the State (country)
It uses organized violence to suppress opposition.
Glorification of force.
Is anti-democratic.

24. Cult of State Worship
The individual had no significance except as a member of the state.
The fascists were taught:
Credere! [to believe]
Obbedire! [to obey]
Combattere! [to fight]

25. Use your knowledge acquired by watching “Swing Kids” and the information on Pgs to answer the following: 1. Why did totalitarian governments try to win the loyalty of their nation’s young people? 2. In Italy, women who had fourteen or more children were given a medal by Mussolini himself. Why were women honored for having many children?

26. Notes # 6:The Characteristics of Fascism

27. The Myth of Rebirth
Emphasis on a national or racial rebirth after a period of decline or destruction (such as the Great Depression and WWI)
Seeks to purge “alien” forces and groups that threaten the “pure” community.

28. Militarism

29. Identification of Enemies or Scapegoats as a Unifying Cause
The people are rallied into a unifying patriotic frenzy over the need to eliminate a perceived common threat or foe.
This foe could be racial, ethnic, a religious minority, liberals, communists, etc.

30. Disdain for the Recognition of Human Rights
Because of the fear of enemies and the need for security, the people are persuaded that human rights can be ignored out of “need.”
People look the other way or even approve of torture, executions, long incarcerations of prisoners, assassinations, etc.

31. The Fascists encouraged the development of large families.
The Fascist Family
The Fascists encouraged the development of large families.

32. Religion & Government Are Intertwined
Fascist governments tend to use the most common religion in the nation as a tool to manipulate public opinion.
They meld religious rhetoric, symbolism, mythology, etc., into their policies [appears to give a religious approval for government policies!]

33. Disdain for Intellectuals & for the Arts
Open hostility to higher education and academia is promoted.
Professors and other academics are censored or arrested.
Free expression in the arts and letters is openly attacked.

34. Controlled Mass Media

35. Emphasis on Physical Fitness

36. Fascism in Spain
Civil war in Spain: Italy and Germany supported General Francisco Franco- Spanish Fascist
1939 Franco became dictator until 1970s
Guernica: Spanish village bombed by German planes

37. The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939
Francisco Franco

38. The Spanish Civil War: A Dress Rehearsal for WW II?
Italian troops in Madrid

39. “Guernica” Pablo Picasso

40. #7 The World DriftsTowards War

41. Do Now 3/6/15 Read the “Dictatorship” Concept Connector on page 439
Do Now 3/6/15 Read the “Dictatorship” Concept Connector on page 439. Answer in complete sentences. 1)How did the following gain power: a) Julius Caeser b) Francisco Franco c) Fidel Castro 2) Give examples of how each leader maintained power.

42. Adolf Hitler “The Fuhrer”
Joined National Socialist German Worker’s Party (NAZI) in 1920
Mein Kampf: set Hitler’s beliefs as later policy for nazi party
Great Depression gave him followers; nazi’s became largest political party
Economic and cultural control

43. NAZI PROPAGANDA
“The greater the mass of men to be reached, the lower its intellectual level must be.”
--Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf
                                           

44. Techniques
To convince the masses, Nazi’s must have a few points driven home through:
Simple slogans
Repeat them endlessly
Use of mass meetings to get people to feed off of one another; new members of the movement will feel a sense of belonging

45. “I want to exploit film as an instrument of propaganda
“I want to exploit film as an instrument of propaganda.” – Joseph Goebbels, Minister of Propaganda
“It is possible by means of shrewd and unremitting propaganda to make people believe that heaven is hell- and hell heaven.” Hitler
“The Fuhrer above all! Above the tremendous symphony of crowds, marching columns, meetings, commemorations, marches and congresses: his words on the present- for the future.” – Leni Riefenstahl

46. PROPAGANDA
POSTERS

47. “Europe’s victory is your prosperity”

48. One People,
One Nation,
Our Fuhrer!

50. Notes #7 Continued

51. Do Now 3/9/15
Situation: The US is running low on oil. Prices have risen to $10 a gallon at the pump. Our economy is heavily burdened. The President has suggested we invade Saudi Arabia to take control of their vast oil fields.
As a member of Congress what arguments will you make for and or against this idea?

52. Japan Invades Manchuria

53. Japan challenged the League of Nations
1931: Japan invaded Manchuria
Set up puppet gov’t in Manchuria (controlled by Japan)
Japan withdrew from League of Nations
War between China and Japan 1937
Rape of Nanking: Japanese army executed 200,000 men, women and children as a show of force

54. Mussolini meets Haile Selassie
Mussolini attacks Ethiopia to expand Italian empire
Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia, appeals to League of Nations for help
“It is us today. It will be you tomorrow.”

55. Hitler takes the Rhineland And joins with Mussolini and Japan- 1936
Occupied the former buffer zone between France and Germany
Oct. 1936: Germany and Italy alliance called Rome-Berlin Axis
Nov. 1936: Germany, Italy and Japan– Axis Powers

56. Munich Conference- Sept. 1938

57. 1937: Hitler declares the need for Lebensraum: living space
Took Austria, 1938
Majority of Austrians supported unity w/ Germany

58. The Sudetenland

59. Munich Conference- 1938
Hitler wanted the Sudetenland: area between Germany and Czechoslovakia with 3 million German speakers
Britain, France and Italy agreed to let Hitler take the Sudetenland, as long as he promised to respect Czech’s new borders
March 1939: Hitler attacks Czechoslovakia, looks to attack Poland
Munich Conference a symbol of appeasement and surrender

61. THE TWO SIDES AXIS POWERS Germany Italy Japan
Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary joined in 1941
ALLIED FORCES
U.S.
Britain
Russia
Australia
Canada
China