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Hungarian Viticulture 2015. február 4. Dr. Bisztray György tanszékvezető egyetemi tanár, BCE Szőlőtermesztési Tanszék
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The origin of grapevine History of Hungarian Viticulture Structure (Present and future)
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The history of the grapevine
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The oldest crop in the world Transcaucasia (Turkey, Armenia, and Iran) The history of the growing: –neolit age, –6 – 8000 years ago –dioecious plant –small blue berries Vitis sylvestris C.C. Gmel. The cradle of grapevine growing
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Samples of wild grapes in forest number 1 (Khachmaz d.) Mirza Musayev and Zeynal Akparov © 2013 Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
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Sumer South part of Mesopotamia:
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Sumer 4000 B.C. The wine is a sacrificial drink Punctuation marks: –Grapevine shoot with tendril = grape; wine; life
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Armenia Noah’s ark land to the Ararat Home of the grapevine growing –Noah planted grapevine Thousand years old seeds
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Greek regions – Italy – West-Europe North Africa – Gibraltar To east from West-Asia – China, India The way of the grapevine
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New Ages 1492 – Exploration of America
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The spread of the grapevine growing in the world South-Africa (1659)
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Australia – the begining of the XIX.th century The spread of the grapevine growing in the world
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After 1000 the way is open before the spread of the culture of grapevine and winemaking Foreign growers (bavaria, walloon, frank), and wine sellers The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary
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Matthias Corvinus (1458 – 1490) The decrees develop the grapevine growing Hungary is the leader country of the grapevine growing New cultivars new methods The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary
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Turkish domination during 150 years after the battle of Mohacs Revive of Tokaj The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary
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1650 Laczkó Máté Szepsi – the first aszu wine Zsuzsanna Lórántffy 1655 – law for the separated collection of aszu berries The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary
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After 1686 –Rebuilding of the vineyards after the Turkish domination The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary
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Maria Theresa The protection of the sandy regions from swifting sand with grapevine planting Ferenc I. –Until the Phylloxera crisis 55 000 ha grapevine in the Great Hungarian Plain. The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary
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Károly Keleti made statistical measurement about the grapevine regions before the Phylloxera crisis (1860 – 1875) –Hungary (Croatia – Slavonia and Transylvania) 400 000 ha 4 – 18 million hl The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary
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The appearence of the phyloxera, the powdery mildrew, and the peronospora in Hungray and in Europe EuropeHungary Powdery milldrew Glasshouse: England, Tucker - 1845 Vineyard: France -1850 Buda – 1853 (Bugát Pál) PhylloxeraFrance – 1860Pozsony, 1872 (?) Pancsova (1875) PeronosporaFrance - 1878Medgyes, 1880
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1880 National Phylloxera Commission 1896 „Law for plantation” 1897 The top of the Phylloxera 1920 Trianon –Hungary lost 30% of vineyards and 60% of population who drinks wine The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary
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1939 – 1945 –235 000 ha –Because of the war the vineyards and barrel stocks damage 1946 – Agrarian reform –500 000 owners share the Hungarian vineyards The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary
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1960 – 1965 –II. „five-year” plan – grapevine reconstruction –The grapevine region increase 247 000 ha 1970 –The high training systems started to be received The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary
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1985 – 1989 - Frost damages - Gorbacsov’s arrangements - Decreasing of the Hungarian wine consumption 20 liter/person/year The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary
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After the political changing: –The number of the vine regions increase to 22 –Privatization, Compensations –The grapevine regions decrease to 70 000 ha The history of the grapevine growing in Hungary
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The 10 most important white vine varieties 27
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The 10 most important red vine varieties 28
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Autochton and International varieties
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Medals on international wine challenges
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The Hungarian viticulture has great tradition Hungarian vines offer colorfull range of winestyles
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