1. Performance Enhancing Drugs Sports Medicine I

2. Recreational and Performance Enhancing Drugs Recreational drugs Recreational drugs –Alcohol –Marijuana –cocaine Performance Enhancing Performance Enhancing –Anabolic steroids –caffeine Both have serious and sometimes irreversible side effects!!!

3. Alcohol Most commonly abused drug at all levels Most commonly abused drug at all levels Peer pressure to drink is extreme Peer pressure to drink is extreme Universally accepted Universally accepted Most difficult drug to control Most difficult drug to control

4. Alcohol Results in deterioration of the psychomotor skills of Results in deterioration of the psychomotor skills of –Reaction time –Hand-eye coordination –Accuracy –Balance –Complex coordination

5. Alcohol Consistently Decreases Consistently Decreases –Strength –Power –Local muscular endurance –Speed –Cardiovascular endurance

6. Marijuana Second most commonly abused substance Second most commonly abused substance Significant effects with athletic performance Significant effects with athletic performance Effects: Effects: –Major impairment of coordination –Impairment of tracing performance –Slowed reaction time –Altered perception of speed, time, and space –Short-term and long-term memory loss –Prolonged learning time

7. Marijuana “Anti-Motivational Syndrome” “Anti-Motivational Syndrome” –Apathy –Loss of ambition and effectiveness –Diminished ability to carry out long-term plans –Difficulty concentrating –Decline in academic and athletic performance –Intermittent confusion –Impaired memory –Loss of energy

8. Tobacco Products Rules and regulations established to curb use of tobacco in athletics Rules and regulations established to curb use of tobacco in athletics Cancer is linked to the use of these products Cancer is linked to the use of these products Baseball has seen the most recent regulations Baseball has seen the most recent regulations Products Products –Smoking –Chewing –Snuff

9. Anabolic Steroids Synthetic derivatives of the male hormone testosterone Synthetic derivatives of the male hormone testosterone Most controversial drugs Most controversial drugs Hope is to increase strength and size of muscles Hope is to increase strength and size of muscles Little evidence that there are benefits Little evidence that there are benefits Steroid use without training, there is no effect of muscle size or strength Steroid use without training, there is no effect of muscle size or strength

10. Anabolic Steroids Side Effects (Men) Side Effects (Men) –Aggressive behavior –Liver damage –Impaired kidney function –Enlarged prostate –Decreased testosterone –Testicular atrophy –Growth of breast tissue –Elevated blood pressure Side Effects (Women) Side Effects (Women) –Deepened voice –Growth of facial/chest hair –Liver damage –Menstrual irregularities –Impairment of reproductive capactiy

11. Caffeine Moderate amounts increase mental alertness Moderate amounts increase mental alertness Too much may cause anxiety, hamper performance, increase heart rate Too much may cause anxiety, hamper performance, increase heart rate Has a diuretic effect Has a diuretic effect Adversely affects performance Adversely affects performance

12. Creatine Recently gained notoriety Recently gained notoriety Burn a high-energy compound stored in muscle Burn a high-energy compound stored in muscle Large dosages contributes to dehydration Large dosages contributes to dehydration More research must be conducted More research must be conducted

13. Recognition of Drug Use Motivation variations Motivation variations Changes in personality/behaviors Changes in personality/behaviors Withdrawal from companionship Withdrawal from companionship Decline in performance (physically and academically) Decline in performance (physically and academically) Inability to coordinate Inability to coordinate Poor personal hygiene Poor personal hygiene Muddled speech Muddled speech Impaired judgement Impaired judgement Restless, jittery Restless, jittery Muscular twitches Muscular twitches Heavy sweating Heavy sweating Bad breath Bad breath Red eyes Red eyes Increased appetite Increased appetite

14. Banned Substance Lists http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/5 3e6f4804e0b8a129949f91ad6fc8b25/2009 - 10+Banned+Drug+Classes.pdf?MOD=AJP ERES&CACHEID=53e6f4804e0b8a129949f 91ad6fc8b25 http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/5 3e6f4804e0b8a129949f91ad6fc8b25/2009 - 10+Banned+Drug+Classes.pdf?MOD=AJP ERES&CACHEID=53e6f4804e0b8a129949f 91ad6fc8b25 http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/5 3e6f4804e0b8a129949f91ad6fc8b25/2009 - 10+Banned+Drug+Classes.pdf?MOD=AJP ERES&CACHEID=53e6f4804e0b8a129949f 91ad6fc8b25 http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/5 3e6f4804e0b8a129949f91ad6fc8b25/2009 - 10+Banned+Drug+Classes.pdf?MOD=AJP ERES&CACHEID=53e6f4804e0b8a129949f 91ad6fc8b25

15. NCAA Video http://web1.ncaa.org/web_video/health_a nd_safety/drug- testing/2009/2009_drug_ed_testing.html http://web1.ncaa.org/web_video/health_a nd_safety/drug- testing/2009/2009_drug_ed_testing.html http://web1.ncaa.org/web_video/health_a nd_safety/drug- testing/2009/2009_drug_ed_testing.html http://web1.ncaa.org/web_video/health_a nd_safety/drug- testing/2009/2009_drug_ed_testing.html