1. The World of Music 7 th edition Part 2 Listening to American Music: Folk, Religious, Pop, and Jazz Chapter 4: Religious Music Traditions

2. The Roots of American Protestant Music Comes from both white and black populations Based in rural and small-town folk cultures Made a deep impact on American culture We will omit Catholic and Jewish Music at this time –They are mentioned/discussed elsewhere

3. Psalm Singing and Psalters Primarily a Protestant Tradition (vs. Catholic/Lutheran) Used by Puritans and Pilgrims alike Two types of singing –Urban European Formal Notated –Rural Memorized Lining Out Psalters are Hymnbooks –1 st American Psalter = “Bay Psalm Book” 1 st book to be printed in British N. America - 1640 No Notation! Notation appeared in 1698

4. Lining Out Begun in England and Scotland Common in rural congregations Still can be heard in rural areas of southeastern United States An early form of “Call and Response” singing style –Could this be a early (really early) predecessor to Jazz…?

5. Singing Schools Encourages people to sing together “decently” Participants learned music, sang hymn tunes, made friends, and had a good time Early 18 th century

6. Shape-Note System Introduced in The Easy Instructor in 1801 Each pitch is notated on staff –With its own distinct shape (instead of a common shape that indicated length of the note) Used in singing schools in the South Best known titles are on page 60 in your text…

7. Traditional Black Gospel Music Emotional Vocal Physical Theatrical Musically Skillful Syncopated Ornate Cross-Over Artists –Edwin Hawkins Singers –Aretha Franklin –Sam Cooke –Little Richard

8. Black Gospel Music cont. Early 20 th century music, the words: Gospel music = “Black Gospel Music” –Rooted in Black Spiritual, Camp meetings songs and hymns, Revival hymns, and Songlike Sermons Influenced: –early R+B –Soul –Pop And grew into a “Modern Black Gospel” music with the inclusion of Jazz and Blues concepts Thomas Dorsey aka “Georgia Tom” –Father of Modern Black Gospel Music

9. Traditional White Gospel Music Referred to Hymns and Songs that used the four “Gospels” from the Bible for text/lyrics –Contrasted to the Psalms of the Bible –Mathew –Mark –Luke –John More Urban than Rural –Austere –Classical –Four-Part Old style Composers –Thomas Hastings –William Bradbury –Lowell Mason Oral Tradition emerged More Rural and Urban –Pentecostal typed churches Same music concepts, just a different delivery…

10. Gospel Music Today Often Racially Mixed Television –Gospel TV (MTV concept) All Styles – to be called the genre “CCM” –Country & Western –Rhythm & Blues –Heavy Metal –Rap/Hip-Hop –Rock –Easy Listening/Adult Contemporary All proclaiming the Christian Message… –Popular amongst Youth Services/Groups nowadays GMA (Gospel Music Association) –Provides the CCM equivalent to the Grammy Awards Dove Awards