1. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 1 GPS Operations Past, Present, Future Colonel John E. Hyten Commander, 50th Space Wing 29 Mar 2007

2. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 2 Overview Our Mission The Past (1978-2000) The Present (2001-2007) The Future Conclusion

3. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 3 Our Mission Provide the best space-based positioning, navigation, and timing capability in the world 24/7/365 Our Focus Delivery of terrestrial effects

4. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 4 The Past (1978-2000) Focused on fielding an initial capability Establishment of satellite operations Developing and deploying a maturing technology Primary concern was satellite ops, not effects Growing pains Civilian users forced to work around selective availability (SA) Military user equipment demands grew faster than fielding L2 1227.6 MHz P(Y)C/AP(Y) L1 1575.42 MHz IOC, Dec 1993 FOC, Apr 1995 Signals in Space SA off

5. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 5 Commercial Use 1991 Approximately 15,000 civilian receivers Primary uses Land surveying Maritime navigation Precision timing Civilian Magnavox MX4400 GPS navigation receiver Challenge: Degradation caused by SA

6. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 6 DESERT STORM Military GPS begins to proliferate Approximately 10,000 civilian and 8,000 military user sets utilized by the US during DESERT STORM Only 5% of troops utilized GPS GPS uses Aircraft - 28% GPS Equipped Ships - 20% GPS Equipped Weapons - 7% GPS Equipped Vehicles - 14% GPS Equipped Challenges: Partial constellation, lack of user equipment

7. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 7 The Present (2001-2007) Transitioning from satellite ops focus to effects-based ops GPS Ops Center (GPSOC) - 2005 Increased accuracy and signal integrity providing improved military effects Incorporated NGA GPS data (10-50% accuracy improvement) First “zero age of data” used in combat - Small Diameter Bomb GPS Modernization initiated with new military/civil signals Lack of full synchronization across all segments P(Y) code C/A code P(Y) code C/A code M code Signals in Space M code L1 1575.42 MHz L2(C) 1227.6 MHz

8. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 8 Today’s Civilian Market Over 15,000,000 civilian receivers Primary uses – commerce and safety of life Cell phone communication/ precision timing source Navigational purposes (airlines, trucking, recreational) Surveying and geodesy (oil drilling, mapping) Precision agriculture Intelligent railroads Just-in-time delivery

9. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 9 9/11 Defense & Security of the Homeland Need for fully integrated GPS operations Critical infrastructure GPS enabled emergency & recovery vehicles/systems GPS enabled public transportation Increased safety & efficiency Many states include GPS enabled “action desk” in emergency operations centers

10. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 10 OEF / OIF Military GPS proliferation Over 100,000 user sets used by the US military GPS uses Land, air and sea navigation Precision weapon delivery Blue Force Tracking (BFT) … but the numbers don’t tell the whole story DAGR Challenge: Failure to meet IS-GPS-200

11. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 11 A Fundamental Change in Warfare

12. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 12 The Future Full system integration Ground / Space / User developing a synergistic effect Focused on the ground vs space Satellite ops simplified and effects based ops the focus Responsive, automated space operations Integrate multiple military / civilian signals Makes GPS more robust; not as susceptible to interference L5 1176.45 MHz L2(C) 1227.6 MHz L1 1575.42 MHz P(Y) code C/A code M code Signals in Space # Satellites: ?? Mil/Civ Position Accuracy: sub-3m & improved integrity

13. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 13 Future Effects Military More robust signal strength Ability to fight against jamming Over-The-Air-Re-key and targeting Augment Transformational Communication Netted sensors Civilians Future signals will provide more reliability and accuracy Transportation automation Better precision in industry applications Automated revenue/tolls collection Unlimited potential Challenge: Integrating multiple signals just now coming online for maximum effect

14. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 14 Conclusion Our Vision Continue to provide the best space-based positioning, navigation, and timing capability in the world Our Focus Improve delivery of terrestrial effects