1. ARTIFICIAL SELECTION AKA SELECTIVE BREEDING

2. ARTIFICIAL SELECTION DEFINITIONS In plants and domesticated animals it is the process of developing a breed over time, and selecting qualities within individuals that will be passed on to the next generation. Human manipulation of allele or trait frequency in a population through breeding only organisms with the desired traits. Also called Selective Breeding

3. Bigger animals with more consumable meat Lay more eggs or produce more milk Calmer temperament or fiercer temperament Softer, longer, shorter, curlier coat Guarding, herding, swimming qualities Faster animals grow more fruit grow quickly disease / pest resistant freeze resistant More desirable colors/flowers Grow with less water or fertilizers WHY SELECT CERTAIN PLANTS OR ANIMALS TO BREED? PlantsAnimals

4. SELECTIVE BREEDING - GREENS

5. SELECTIVE BREEDING - BANANA Your banana is a MUTANT! Plantains, a type of banana were first brought to the New World by Spaniards and planted in large plantations. Plantains are large, hard to peel, and inedible unless cooked. In 1836, Jean Francios Poujot, a Jamaican farmer, found a strange yellow banana plant among his usual plantain crop. This mutation was cultivated and selectively breed into the modern banana – sweet, yellow, and easy to eat! Plantain

6. SELECTIVE BREEDING - CORN Ancient farmers in Mexico began selectively breeding maize (corn) about 10,000 years ago. These farmers noticed not all plants were the same. Some may have been larger, tasted better, or easier to grind. These kernels were saved for planting the next year. Overtime the maize cobs became larger, with more rows of kernels, eventually taking on the form of modern corn.

7. ALL DOMESTICATED ANIMALS AND CULTIVATED PLANTS ARE DEVELOPED THROUGH ARTIFICIAL SELECTION AND IT CONTINUES………

8. PROBLEMS Artificial Selection (Selective Breeding) can cause genetic disorders to become more prominent in a breed. Or it may cause some traits to become to prominent. This is due to the practice of Line Breeding (Inbreeding) or the breeding of closely related family members to increase a particular trait. Creates a small gene pool which decreases the variation in a species.

9. EXAMPLE OF PROBLEMS Bull dogs – Many have respiratory problems due to an over expression of the upturned nose. Pugs – Eye and respiratory problems caused by the squished faces can lead to an eye popping out! German Sheppard – Many large breeds suffer from hip dysplasia where the ball and socket do not fit properly together. Beagle - Epilepsy, a brain disorder that causes seizures, seems to be more common in beagles than in other dog breeds. Dachshunds - Because of their long bodies, dachshunds are at higher risk for back injuries and spinal disk problems Doberman Pincher - Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious heart condition in which the heart's chambers are stretched out and don't pump blood effectively. Cocker Spaniel - Dogs like cocker spaniels with floppy, furry ears are prone to frequent ear infections.