2. What do you know about the atom?

3. Chemistry of Life

4.  Smallest Unit of matter  “cannot be broken down by chemical means.”  Subatomic particles  Protons – positive charge (p + )  Neutrons - neutral charge (n 0 )  Electron – negative charge (e - )

5. What is different? AtomIon = number of electrons as protons Overall charge is 0 Ex. Na ; O Different number of electrons then protons Has an over all charge Ex. Na + ; O -2 What is the same? # of protons stay the same Ex. Oxygen is still Oxygen, but with a charge.

6. Atoms - smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means same Element – Group of the same atoms Molecule or Compound – two or more atoms bonded together.  Molecules are typically covalently bonded  Compounds are ionicly bonded

8.  Sharing of Electrons  Examples  CO 2  C 6 H 12 O 6  H 2 O  O 2

9.  Transfer of electrons  Examples:  Sodium chloride (NaCl)  Calcium sulfide (CaS)  Iron oxide

11. CaO NaSO 4 CO 2 H 2 O NaCl H 2 SO 4 Fe(OH) 3 C 6 H 12 O 6

13. If you were playing with two magnets and decided to bring them together, describe how they would behave?

14. All atoms want to be stable! They gain and loose electrons to become stable. This can happen by either ionic bonding or covalent bonding. When an atoms outer electron shell is full (8 electrons) its has reached stability. Bonds represent energy.

15. Covalent Bonding Ionic Bonding

16.  Like a magnet, it is a molecule that has a slightly positive and negative end.

17.  The attraction of polar molecules with hydrogen

18. Click on Picture!

20. Matter Cycle, but Energy Flows Video

22.  With solubility you have to know…  “Like dissolves like”  Polar things dissolve polar things  Nonpolar things dissolve nonpolar things  Because Ionic compounds have a positive and negative size they are behave like polar  Will these dissolve?  Water and NaCl? (Think of salt water)  Water and CO 2 ? (Think of pop)  Water and sugar (glucose)? (Think of Koolaid)  Oil and water?

23.  Use the pH scale to measure the difference between acids and bases

24. Write a paragraph using TEL-Con. Compare and contrast the difference between an acid and base (site examples).

25.  Macro = “big”  Organic molecule = Macromolecules found in living things  4 types of Organic Molecules 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids 5. ATP

26. Name of ingredient Classification (ex. Carbs, Protein, fats or other) What is the amount stated on food label? Organic or Inorganic Assignment: Each student bring in 3 food labels with ingredients. Between the 3 food label student need to list at least 10 different ingredients. Using the descriptions in the book on Organic molecules, students need to classify each ingredient as a Carb., Protein, Fat or Other. Once classified they need to identify the amount that is listed on the food label. Finally students need to classify whether the ingredient is organic or inorganic.

27. List the 4 categories of Organic Compounds.  Carbohydrates  Lipids  Proteins  Nucleic Acids  ATP (Bonus)

28.  Video Video

29.  Primary source of energy  Sugars  Polysaccharides (many)  Monosaccharides (single)  Made of C,H,O  Typically ending in “-ose”  Ex.  Sucrose  Galactose  Cellulose (only in plants)  Glucose is the building block of carbohydrates  Starch is a chain of glucose molecules that are bonded together.  Insulin is medicine given to people with diabetis (a chemical that helps them brake down the sugar)

30.  Secondary source of energy  Also known as fats  Non-polar thus will not dissolve in water, but will in oils  Made of C,H,O  Ex.  Oils  Waxes  Fat body tissue

31.  Third source of energy  Found in Muscles, make up structures of the body. Enzymes are also proteins  Building blocks are Amino Acids  Made of C, H, O, N

32.  Genetic information used in heredity  DNA  RNA  Composed of C,H,O,N,P

33.  Like batteries  Pockets of energy for use around the cell.

34. At which temperature does Enzyme A perform the best? At which temperature does Enzyme B perform the best?

38.  Analogy to the effectiveness of enzymes  Google Timer Google Timer

39.  Help speeds up reactions by lowing the activation energy needed for the reaction to take place.  Lock and Key

42. Know that one of these enzymes is found in humans and the other is thermophilic (heat loving) bacteria, hypothesize which enzyme came from which organism?

43. Propose a hypothesis that explains why the rate of reaction catalyzed by enzyme A slows down at temperatures above 40  C.