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A. Montuori 1, M. Portabella 2, S. Guimbard 2, C. Gabarrò 2, M. Migliaccio 1 1 Dipartimento per le Tecnologie (DiT), University of Naples Parthenope, Italy.

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Presentation on theme: "A. Montuori 1, M. Portabella 2, S. Guimbard 2, C. Gabarrò 2, M. Migliaccio 1 1 Dipartimento per le Tecnologie (DiT), University of Naples Parthenope, Italy."— Presentation transcript:

1 A. Montuori 1, M. Portabella 2, S. Guimbard 2, C. Gabarrò 2, M. Migliaccio 1 1 Dipartimento per le Tecnologie (DiT), University of Naples Parthenope, Italy 2 SMOS Barcelona Expert Centre (SMOS-BEC), Institute of Marine Sciences, Barcelona, Spain

2  SMOS Mission Overview  SMOS Bayesian-based Cost Function:  General Formulation  Sensitivity Analysis  Multiple-minima Assessment  Effects of constraints  SMOS Bayesian-based minimization procedure Assessment:  Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) procedure (Monte-Carlo simulations)  Optimization for both SSS and wind speed (U 10 ) retrieval purposes

3 SMOS makes global observations of soil moisture over Earth's landmasses and salinity over the oceans. L-band full-polarized Microwave Imaging Radiometer using Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS). Data Product Generation System (DPGS) provides consistent SSS, SST and SSR (e.g. U 10 ) retrievals through the SMOS Level 2 Salinity Prototype Processor (L2PP) by processing geolocated TBs provided at the SMOS Level 1C (L1C) after the image reconstruction step. Assessment of the Operational SMOS Bayesian-based inversion procedure to develope a parallel simplified version of the SMOS DPGS inversion scheme for the optimal retrieval of SSS and wind speed at sea (U 10 ).

4 Klein and Swift, 1997 Guimbard et al., 2012 Zine et. al, 2008 p = polarization  = incidence angle SSS = Sea Surface Salinity SST = Sea Surface Temperature U 10 = Wind Speed at 10m N obs = Number of observables

5 SSS=35psu, SST=20°C, U 10 =5m/s σ SSS =2psu, σ SST =2°C, σ u10 =2.5m/s

6 Contour Plot of Cost Function True Value Estimated Value Contour Plot of Cost Function True Value Estimated Value SSS=35psu, SST=20°C, U 10 =5m/s σ SSS =2psu, σ SST =2°C, σ u10 =2.5m/s Contour Plot of Cost Function True Value Estimated Value

7  Un-constrained cost function (OBS term)  SST constrained cost function (OBS + SST Background) SST Estim - SST True

8  Retrieved - True  Retrieved - Prior SSS-U10-SST constrained cost function configuration SSS=35psu, SST=20°C, U 10 =5m/s σ SSS =0.3psu, σ SST =1°C, σ u10 =2m/s

9  Retrieved - True  Retrieved - Prior SSS-U10-SST constrained cost function configuration SSS=33psu, SST=0°C, U 10 =14m/s σ SSS =0.3psu, σ SST =1°C, σ u10 =2m/s

10  Levenber-Marquardt (Monte-Carlo Simulations approach)  Optimization for SSS and U 10 retrieval:  SST constrained of fixed to an auxiliary a priori value  SSS un-constrained for SSS retrieval  Optimization for SSS and U 10 retrieval:  SST constrained of fixed to an auxiliary a priori value  SSS un-constrained for SSS retrieval

11 (σ SSS =100psu)

12 (σ SSS =0.3psu) (σ SSS =100psu)(σ SSS =0.3psu) (σ SSS =100psu)(σ SSS =0.3psu) (σ SSS =100psu)(σ SSS =0.3psu)

13 SSS (psu) retrieval – DPGS Configuration μ (DPGS / Prior)RMSE (DPGS / Prior)STD (DPGS / Prior) AFEAFAFEAFAFEAF Warm & Low0.01 / -0.010.01 / 0.020.37 / 0.360.34 / 0.360.37 / 0.360.34 / 0.36 Warm & High0.02 / 0.040.01 / -0.010.57 / 0.560.59 / 0.550.57 / 0.560.59 / 0.55 Cold & Low-0.07 / 0.06-0.04 /-0.041.24 / 1.221.11 / 1.071.24 / 1.211.11 / 1.07 Cold & High0.05 / 0.010.15 / -0.111.86 / 1.831.78 / 1.831.86 / 1.831.77 / 1.83 U 10 (m/s) retrieval – Fully constrained Configuration μ (DPGS / Prior)RMSE (DPGS / Prior)STD (DPGS / Prior) AFEAFAFEAFAFEAF Warm & Low0.04 / -0.02-0.04 / 0.010.82 / 0.910.87 / 0.910.82 / 0.910.87 / 0.91 Warm & High0.03 /-0.01-0.03 /-0.040.67 / 0.740.63 / 0.640.67 / 0.740.63 / 0.64 Cold & Low-0.05 / 0.02-0.02 / 0.000.8 / 0.780.79 / 0.720.8 / 0.780.79 / 0.72 Cold & High-0.06/ 0.040.01 /-0.020.54 / 0.560.5 / 0.490.54 / 0.560.5 / 0.49

14 SSS (psu) retrieval – DPGS Configuration μ (DPGS / Prior)RMSE (DPGS / Prior)STD (DPGS / Prior) AFEAFAFEAFAFEAF Warm & Low-0.01 / 0.02-0.01 / 0.010.4 / 0.40.38 / 0.410.4 / 0.40.38 / 0.41 Warm & High0.03 / 0.00.03 / 0.020.57 / 0.560.56 / 0.540.57 / 0.560.56 / 0.54 Cold & Low0.01 / 0.010.01 / 0.01.35 / 1.291.25 / 1.211.35 / 1.291.25 / 1.21 Cold & High0.05 / -0.090.06 / 0.031.85 / 1.891.80 / 1.791.85 / 1.891.80 / 1.79 U 10 (m/s) retrieval – Fully constrained Configuration μ (DPGS / Prior)RMSE (DPGS / Prior)STD (DPGS / Prior) AFEAFAFEAFAFEAF Warm & Low0.04 / 0.06-0.03/ -0.010.92 / 0.870.88 / 0.880.92 / 0.860.88 / 0.88 Warm & High-0.04 /-0.01-0.01 /0.070.72 / 0.690.67 / 0.690.72 / 0.690.67 / 0.69 Cold & Low0.08 /-0.040.04 /0.070.84 / 0.790.82 / 0.830.84 / 0.790.82 / 0.83 Cold & High0.01 /-0.07-0.01 /-0.010.62 / 0.650.53 / 0.550.62 / 0.640.53 / 0.55

15  Internal SMOS Bayesian-based processing chain for SSS and U 10 retrieval purposes has been developed.  Low sensitivities of SMOS TB measurements with respect to geophysical parameter changes, especially for SST.  Unique absolute minimum value for all the cost function configurations  Unique triplet solution of SSS-U 10 -SST.  Fixing or constraining SST to an auxiliary value improves the retrieval of SSS and U 10.  Successful assessment of LM minimization procedure for the retrieval of SSS and U 10 by means of realistically simulated SMOS TB measurements.  SSS optimal retrieval  DPGS [SST-U 10 ] configuration.  U 10 optimal retrieval  Fully [SST-SSS-U 10 ] constrained configuration.  Future test with both real SMOS TB data.

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