1. May 6, 2008 Gabe Wachob and Drummond Reed, XRI TC Co-Chairs What do OpenID, Higgins, I-Names, and XDI Have in Common? An OASIS Webinar on XRI and XRDS

2. Welcome to the OpenID, Higgins, i-names, and XDI Webinar Attendee tips: n To reduce/expand your dashboard – click on ‘Grab Tab’ arrow located on left side of dashboard. n To send a question – type question in question box and send to organizer or presenter. Questions will be answered at the end of the presentation. n Reduce presentation window to see your open browsers – click on square on ‘Grab Tab’ or Select View in top tab, then choose Windows. Whether you are an end-user, public, or private organization, we invite you to become part of the Standards process. For informa- tion about OASIS membership, go to: http://www.oasis-open.org/join/.http://www.oasis-open.org/join/ www.oasis-open.org

3. What do OpenID, Higgins, i-names, and XDI have in common? They all use two new OASIS technologies you’ve probably never heard of. How have these two new specifications become key building blocks of the Internet identity layer? What problems do they solve? Where do they fit with the work of other OASIS Technical Committees? That’s what we’ll cover today.

4. OASIS XRI Technical Committee Opened January 2003

5. XRI (Extensible Resource Identifier) n A new type of Internet identifier (URI) designed expressly for digital identity n An open standard for abstract structured identifiers l Abstract, i.e., identifiers upon which discovery can be performed l Structured, i.e., a syntactic framework for expressing identifiers – “XML for identifiers”

6. XRDS (Extensible Resource Descriptor Sequence) n A simple, extensible service discovery format for XRIs or URLs n The logical equivalent of a DNS resource record at the XRI layer of identification n The discovery format used by OpenID 2.0, OAuth, and Higgins

7. Local Path/Query IP Address Domain Name URI/IRI Abstract Identifier Layer Reassignable XRI “i-name(s)” Persistent XRI “i-numbers” XRDS Docu- ment XRDS Resolution TN (Tele- phone Number) Other concrete identifier types Concrete Identifier Layer Synonyms

8. Examples of XRI i-names n Human-friendly reassignable identifiers =gmw = 用例 @boeing @cordance*drummond.reed +flower $xml

9. Examples of XRI i-numbers n Persistent identifiers (never reassigned) =!7a42.cd93.40f4.18e5 =!7a42.cd93.40f4.18e5!283 @!b3a7.5537.9fea.31ec +!3792 +!3792!14

10. Examples of XRI cross-references n Identifiers reused across contexts =(mailto:gabe.wachob@gmail.com) =(http://equalsdrummond.name) @(http://boeing.com) @cordance*(urn:isbn:0-395-36341-1) +flower*(http://en.wikipedia.org/rose)

11. Examples of XRIs transformed into URIs n XRI Syntax 2.0 defines a strict trans- formation of an XRI into an IRI and URI xri://=drummond.reed xri://=%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B xri://@!b3a7.5537.9fea.31ec!133 xri://=(mailto:gabe.wachob@gmail.com) xri://@cordance*(urn:isbn:0-395-36341-1)

12. *example 2005-05-30T09:30:10Z xri://= xri://=example.name xri://=!7c4.58ff.7c9a.e285 xri://$res*auth*($v*2.0) http://res.example.com/=!7c4.58ff.7c9a.e285/ http://openid.net/openid/1.1 http://openid.net/openid/2.0 +openid http://authn.example.com/openid/ Query and synonyms Service #1 Service #2 Example XRDS document

13. The XRI 2.0 specifications n XRI Syntax 2.0 l Explicit syntax for reassignable and persistent identifiers l Global context symbols l Cross-references for identifier reuse across contexts l Flexible delegation at all levels of hierarchy l Lossless transformation into IRI and URI forms n XRI Resolution 2.0 l HTTP(S)-based resolution protocol l XRDS: simple XML discovery document format l Synonym management and verification l Service endpoint selection logic l Redirect and Ref processing

14. Why have XRI and XRDS already become key building blocks of the Internet identity layer?

15. Not only have XRI and XRDS become an integral part of OpenID 2.0, but the XRI technical community is now a strong part of the OpenID community. — Bill Washburn Executive Director, OpenID Foundation

16. XRI and XRDS have become essential elements of the Higgins Project. Without them, we couldn’t fully implement the abstract data model that is the heart of Higgins and the key to user-controlled identity and data sharing. — Paul Trevithick Higgins Project Lead

17. Where are XRI and XRDS being used today? n OpenID 2.0 n OAuth Discovery n Higgins Project n XDI.org i-name/i-number registries n XDI data sharing

18. Case Study: the top 3 problems XRI/XRDS solved for OpenID 2.0 n Extensible service discovery n OpenID recycling n Automatic secure resolution http://middleware.internet2.edu/idtrust/2008/papers/01-reed-openid-xri-xrds.pdf

19. What is OpenID? n An open community specification for user-centric Internet authentication l Based on the concept that users have their own globally-resolvable identifiers and OpenID authentication providers n Primary use case: eliminate the need for different usernames and passwords at every website

20. Relying Party (RP) User Discovery OpenID Provider (OP) 2 3 4 1 5 XRDS Document

21. Problem #1: Extensible service discovery n OpenID 2.0 need to describe what versions an OpenID identifier supports n Also what OpenID extensions it supports (SREG, AX, PAPE, etc.) n And what other services may be available (e.g., OAuth, SAML, XDI) n And it needed redundant, prioritized OpenID provider endpoint URLs

22. Solution: XRDS documents n Simple, standard discovery format n Can be hosted on any blog, web server, IdM system, etc. n Easily extensible using new URIs or XRIs to define service types n Can be extended with elements from any other namespace

23. *example 2005-05-30T09:30:10Z xri://= xri://=!7c4.58ff.7c9a.e285 xri://$res*auth*($v*2.0) http://res.example.com/=! 7c4.58ff.7c9a.e285/ http://openid.net/openid/1.1 http://openid.net/openid/2.0 +openid http://authn.example.com/openid/ https://secure-authn.example.com/openid/ http://example.com/bob

24. Problem #2: OpenID recycling n With usernames/passwords, usernames can be recycled l The service provider controls the binding with the credential n With OpenID, that’s no longer true l The user controls the binding to the credential! l Losing control of the identifier = losing control of the credential

25. Solution: persistent synonyms n Bind a recyclable OpenID identifier with a non-recyclable (persistent) identifier, e.g., an XRI i-number n Authenticate based on the persistent i-number n Treat the recyclable identifier as only a temporary handle for the i-number n The user always stays protected

26. *example 2005-05-30T09:30:10Z xri://= xri://=!7c4.58ff.7c9a.e285 xri://$res*auth*($v*2.0) http://res.example.com/=!1234.5678.a1b2.c3d4/ http://openid.net/openid/1.1 http://openid.net/openid/2.0 +openid http://authn.example.com/openid/

27. Problem #3: Automatic secure resolution n OpenID could not specify HTTPS resolution for all OpenID URLs l Too many users do not have access to HTTPS certs or infrastructure l Thus the default had to be HTTP l This forces users with HTTPS URLs to type the entire string, e.g., https://my.openid.identifier.tld

28. Solution: XRI secure resolution n As abstract identifiers, XRIs always map to concrete identifiers n This mapping process - XRI resolution - offers three trusted modes: l HTTPS, SAML, or both n So XRI i-names used as OpenIDs can use HTTPS resolution as the default l No need for users to know/do anything

29. XRI and XRDS are also building blocks for other identity solutions n OAuth l XRDS discovery format n Higgins Project l Context discovery and resolution n XDI.org XRI registries l i-name/i-number registries & resolution n SAML and Information Cards l Privacy-protected identifier claims

30. What is the relationship of XRI and XRDS with other OASIS TCs and the IDtrust Member Section?

31. XDI (XRI Data Interchange) n The XDI controlled data sharing protocol is based entirely on XRI l A globally addressable RDF graph where the address of every node is an RDF statement structured as an XRI subject-xri / predicate-xri / object-xri l Enables a simple portable authorization format called XDI link contracts

32. ORMS (Open Reputation Management Services) n Newest TC in the OASIS IDtrust member section n Will define neutral, vendor-independent specs for exchanging reputation data n XRI and XDI TC members participating l XRI for durable subject identifiers l XDI for controlled data sharing

33. PKI-Related TCs n Digital Signature Services eXtended (DSS-X) Advancing new profiles for the DSS OASIS Standard n Enterprise Key Management Infrastructure (EKMI) Defining symmetric key management protocols n Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) Adoption Advancing the use of digital certificates as a foundation for managing access to network resources and conducting electronic transactions

34. Conclusion n OpenID, OAuth, Higgins, i-names, XDI are just the start of what can now be built on XRI and XRDS n The XRI TC and the IDtrust Member Section look forward to developing more key building blocks of the Internet identity layer

35. Contact us n Gabe Wachob, XRI TC Co-Chair l http://xri.net/=gmw http://xri.net/=gmw l gabe.wachob@wachob.com gabe.wachob@wachob.com n Drummond Reed, XRI TC Co-Chair l http://xri.net/=drummond.reed http://xri.net/=drummond.reed l drummond.reed@cordance.net drummond.reed@cordance.net n Wikipedia l http://en.wikipedia.org/xri http://en.wikipedia.org/xri l http://en.wikipedia.org/xrds http://en.wikipedia.org/xrds

36. n Learn through the IDtrust Knowledgebase of educational materials and background on the standards n Share news, events, presentations, white papers, product listings, opinions, questions, and recommendations through postings, blogs, forums, and directories. n Collaborate with others online through a wiki interface http://idtrust.xml.org

37. FAQs

38. What is the relationship of XRI to URNs? n Uniform Resource Names are specified by IETF RFC 2141 n They are persistent (non-recyclable) identifiers n XRI combines both URNs and HFNs (human-friendly names) in one syntax and resolution protocol

39. What is the relationship of XRI to the Handle System? n Handle is a persistent object identifier system developed by CNRI n Specified in RFCs 3650, 3651, 3652 n Handle does not include HFNs or other structured identifier features of XRI n Handle does not use XML or HTTP for resolution

40. Does XRI introduce new Internet namespaces? n Yes. Although it can describe and reuse many types of existing identifiers, it also includes four formal namespaces at the XRI level of identification = for personal identifiers @ for organizational identifiers + for generic tags $ for specific tags

41. Does the XRI TC specify public registry services? n No, the scope of the XRI TC is limited to the technical specifications for XRI and specified XRIs (the $ space) n XDI.org, a member of the XRI TC, offers XRI registry services n XDI.org is a completely separate non- profit organization