1. Native American Culture Groups
Section 2

3. By the 1400s Native Americans lived
Throughout all parts of the Americas.
Within each of the major culture groups,
Different nations shared similar ways of life
During thousands of years, Native Americans developed many different ways to get food, build homes, practice religion, and enforce laws
They spoke more than 1,000 languages.
MAIN IDEA: The earliest inhabitants of North America developed unique and thriving cultures

4. Compare/Contrast Similarities Differences
Each nation had sm. Group of leader who decided for the whole group
Law enforcement
Shared common ancestory
Decided leadership
No one could own land
Language
Power of spirits found in nature
Food, dress, home, hair

5. Arctic (4) The Aleuts They lived near ocean A lot of ice
Used boats made of whale skin over bone
Huts w/ animal fur stretched over
Used harpoons/nets to hunt whales
The Inuit
Travel inland during summer / hunt caribou
Hunter/Gatherers: clams/berries
Were not wasteful; used all parts of animals

6. Arctic (7) The Inuits The Aleuts Made sleds
Anything not made into food was made into clothing, weapons, fuel.
Lived in skin tents and sod houses
The Aleuts
Lived in houses of whale bone, driftwood, sod and animal skin
Women sold clothing of tiny bird bones and thread made of fish parts
They ate clams, berries, seals and whale meat
Settled in the Aleutian Islands

7. Arctic (8) The Aleuts The Inuits Cold Winters / Short summers
Trap animals: Squnk, apasaum, chitmunk
Berries and clams
Homes made of drift wood, whale bone and sod
Boats made of whale skin
The Inuits

8. Sub-arctic (4) Cold climate Hunted caribou, deer and moose
Lived near forests and lakes
Used sod, wood, animals skins to build homes

9. Sub-arctic (7) Hunter-Gatherers Hunted moose, deer, beaver and rabbit
Caribou most important source of meat
Houses made from wood and sod
Adapt to cold winters and short summers
Land covered with forests and lakes

10. Sub-arctic (8) Land covered in forest and lakes
Like the arctic cold winters/short summers
Bordered Alaska and Canada
Hunted fish and gather food; most important food was caribou, but hunted moose, beaver and deer
Homes made from sod and other mtls.

11. The Northwest Coast (4)
Lived in misty forested coasts teeming w/ animals, sea and plants
They made totem poles
Villages near oceans and rivers
Ate salmon, otters, seals, bears and moose
Large canoes that hold 50 people or more made from redwood

12. The Northwest Coast (7) Lived near ocean and rivers
Large houses made of wood
Ate salmon, otters, seals, bears and moose
Misty forest coast
Traveled by canoes that could hold up to 50 people

13. The Northwest Coast (8) Near oceans and rivers
Salmon was a large part of their diet
Wood used to make large homes
Wood used to make weaving baskets
Wood carved to make totem poles
Canoes made to fit 50 people
Area teemed with animals and plant life
Misty forests

14. California (4) Mild climate Plentiful resources
Lived near the sea to catch fish
Seafood, wild plants and acorn meal (mush)
Used canoes traveling miles out to sea

15. California (7) Lived along the Pacific coast A lot of forests
Caught small forest game; ate seafood; collected acorns made into a meal
Took long canoes out to fish
Used harpoons and nets made from stone and grass

16. California (8) Southern Pacific coast Climate was mild Coast was large
Ate small forest game, acorns, shellfish and regular fish
Art was simple harpoons, nets made from grass weighted w/ stones
Traveled by canoe

17. The Plateau (4)
Surrounded by the Cascade mtns on West and Rocky mtns on East
Ate Salmon, berries, bulbs and roots
Used rivers to travel and trade
To protect themselves from winter they lived under ground
20 Native American tribes

18. The Plateau (7) Bordered the Cascade and Rocky mountains
Ate salmon, roots, bulbs and berries
East of the NW coast
Land of many rivers that were used as trade routes
Cold winters/warm summers
Lived underground during winter to keep warm
Lived in wooden frames covered with mats during the summer

19. The Plateau (8)
Underground homes used in the winter and wooden frames covered with mats in the summer.
Surrounded by mountain with lots of rivers
Cool, arid climate
Ate fish (salmon), roots, bulbs, berries
Canoes used in the rivers

20. The Great Basin (4) Lived a dry desert area
Temperature rise to over 100 degrees
Ate roots, berries, seeds, snakes, rodents, insects
Sage brush and grasses only plants

21. The Great Basin (7) Dry desert area w/ high temps
Only plants were evergreens in surrounding mtns.
Ate seeds, berries and roots, snakes, insects, and rodents
People called diggers
Was home Shoshone, Paiute, Utes

22. The Great Basin (8) Surroundings were mountainous and warm/dry
Dug for most of their food: snakes, rodents, insects and small berries, seeds
Food was scarce which contributed to a low population
Main transportation was walking

23. The Southwest (4) Weather was hot w/ very little rain
Mountains and deserts; dry land
Food: corn, squash; grew tobacco
Ground corn to meal and made flat cakes and bread
Lived in pueblos (village) and came from the Cliff Dwellers
Created irrigation canal for growing crops

24. The Southwest (7) Farmers and Hunter/Gatherers
Grew corn, squash, beans and tobacco
Corn was ground into bread and flat cakes
Most lived in pueblos
Land was dry so they built irrigation canals
Roamed mtns and deserts hunting
Raided villages and deserts for food

25. The Southwest (8) Lived on cliffs Dry land/warm climate
Ate corn, squash, bean and berries
Lived in pueblos (villages)
Main form of transportation was walking
Roamed mtns / deserts and raided villages

26. The Plains (4) Hunted Buffalo, elk and antelope during the summer
Area stretched from the Rockies in the West to the Mississippi River in the East
Grew corn, beans, squash, tobacco and sunflower
Used all parts of the buffalo: tepees, clothes, tools
Made houses from sod (grass/dirt)
Rode horses

27. The Plains (7)
Stretched west from the Mississippi River to Rocky mtns

28. The Plains (8)
Surrounded by the Mississippi River, Rocky Mtns and treeless grasslands
Grew corn, squash, beans, sunflowers and tobacco; ate buffalo
Homes were teepee made from buffalo hides
Used bones for tools
Traveled on foot and horses

29. The Northeast Woodlands (4)
Lived in dense forest, fertile valleys and around streams Climate: hot summers Settled into village and built permanent homes Moved around on foot Tribes in area included the Iroquois and Algonquin

30. Northeast Woodlands (7)

31. Northeast Woodlands (8)

32. The Southeast (4)

33. The Southeast (7)

34. The Southeast (8)

35. Review Vocabulary (next slide)
What beliefs about land and nature did most Native Americans share?
Think about one of the ten Native American culture areas. Think about the area’s physical environment. Draw a scene that shows that environment.

36. Vocabulary Define the following: Shaman Totem pole Potlatch Tepee
Iroquois League