2. What is literary analysis? Interpreting a text and presenting an argument for how it might be understood. What is rhetorical analysis? Analyzing the means of persuasion in a text and how the language affects the intended audience.

3. (Very) Broad Categories of Literary Criticism 1. New Criticism or Formalism: Concerned with examining language of the text itself without focusing on historical or biographical context. 2. Cultural Criticism: How the text informs culture / how culture informs text. 3. Historical: Examines historical moment of the text. 4. Biographical: Attempts to illuminate writer’s life, background, and concerns. 5. Psychoanalysis: (often Freudian or Jungian) Concerned with psychology, identity, consciousness, how and why we do what we do. Freud = sex, Jung = archetypes / metaphors 6. Feminist / Gender Criticism/ Queer Theory: Analyzes stereotypes of gender and implications of texts on gender identity. Attempts to raise awareness of repressive concepts. 8. Marxism: Concerned with analyzing capitalist exploitation, injustice, politics. 9. Moralism, Ethics, Wisdom: Aims to read text for what it teaches (citizenship, community, life purpose, morality, spirituality). 10.Reader-Response: Reader actively participates in text for self-discovery, epiphany. 11.Postcolonial: Examines role of colonialization (exploiting less developed countries) 12.Post-modernism : Concerned with primacy of emotions, experience, 20 th century concepts, relativism, pluralism. 13.Aestheticism: Appreciation of art, philosophy of beauty, the sublime, imagination. 14. Modernism: Examines fragments of human experience 15.Eco-Criticism : Looks at relationship between humanity and the natural world

4. Rhetorical = how the text “works” on the audience (persuasion) Literary = what the text “means.”

5. Goals for this unit: 1.Advance a thesis about what a text argues and how the author persuades us of this position. 2.Use evidence in the form of quotations from a text.

6. They Say / I Say Chapter 3 The Art of Quoting 1.Frame EVERY quote with context. No hit- and-run quotes. 2. Introduce the quotation. 3. Then explain what the quote means and why it matters for your argument. 4. Blend author’s words with your own.