1. Do Now: 10/24 What are the differences between the urban and rural lifestyles? Give Examples. What conflicts arose between the urban and rural lifestyles of the 1920s?

2. Rural Life Prosperity of the decade bypassed blacks and farmers 1900- 42% 0f all Americans were farmers 1929- 25% were farmers –Movement from the countryside to the cities Overproduction of farm goods and plunge in prices –Farmers failed to make mortgage payments –Farm crisis and depression Protective of traditional values and morals

3. Urban Life 1920 –New York City- 5.6 million –Chicago- 3 million –Philadelphia- 2 million City Life- –Reading –Arguing current scientific and social ideas –Tolerated drinking, gambling and casual dating

4. What is the theory of evolution? Is it taught in your biology classes?

5. Fundamentalism Protestant movement grounded in a literal, or nonsymbolic, interpretation of the Bible

6. Fundamentalism Preachers led religious revivals to plea for sinners to pledge themselves to clean Christian living- Billy Sunday and Aimee McPherson

7. Fundamentalism Skeptical of some scientific discoveries and theories –Rejected the theory of evolution advanced by Charles Darwin in the 19 th century (especially claim that humans evolved from apes.) –Pointed to the Bible’s account in which God made the world in six days

8. The Scopes Trial March 1925- Tennessee passed the nation’s first law that made it a crime to teach evolution –American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) promised to defend any teacher who challenged the law

9. The Scopes Trial John T. Scopes, young biology teacher from Dayton, Tennessee accepted challenge –Clarence Darrow (ACLU) lawyer defended Scopes –William Jennings Bryan- special prosecutor and devout fundamentalist

10. BryanDarrow

11. “The Monkey Trial” Trial began on July 10, 1925- national sensation Covered live on the radio No scientists were allowed to be called Darrow called Bryan as expert of the Bible- he admitted that the Bible might be interpreted in different ways Big-city newspaper reporters very hostile to Bryan

13. “The Monkey Trial” Scopes found guilty and fined $100. Bryan died 5 days after end of trial H.L. Mechken’s obituary for Bryan –Called Bryan a “charlatan, a mountebank, (A person who deceives others, esp. in order to trick them out of their money) a zany without shame or dignity” –Motivated by “hatred of city men who had laughed at him for so long.”

15. “Inherit the Wind”- 1960 Teacher B.T. Cates is arrested for teaching Darwin's theories. Famous lawyer Henry Drummond defends him; fundamentalist politician Matthew Brady prosecutes. This is a very thinly disguised rendition of the 1925 "Scopes monkey trial" with debates between Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan taken largely from the transcripts.

16. Intelligent Design Controversial assertion that certain features of the universe and of living things exhibit the characteristics of a product resulting from an intelligent cause or agent, not an unguided process such as natural selection.

17. Modern Day “Scopes Trial” Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District December 2005; Pennsylvania Suit brought by 11 parents challenges the Dover Area School District’s adoption last year of including “intelligent design” in the science curriculum along with teaching evolution Injecting religion into curriculum violates the 1 st amendment

18. Modern Day “Scopes Trial” Defendants argue that they are not supporting creationism but that the curriculum should help students to understand the full range of scientific views that exist. Textbook- Of Pandas and People can be found in school library

19. Questions to Consider: Does Intelligent Design have a place in a science curriculum? Is Intelligent design a valid scientific theory?

20. Socratic Seminar Do you believe that the Dover Board of Education violated the constitutional separation of church and state by requiring high school biology students to hear a statement that denigrates the theory of evolution and introduces intelligent design?