1. Korea  Because of its location to China was more influenced than any other state.  Korea develops its own culture and political identity.  Did receive farming and metalworking from China.  Sinification is adaptive through Buddhism, and writing.

2. Korea--Silla  Silla aligns with the Tang to defeat other groups in Korea.  Silla becomes a vassal state in 668 and pay tribute to the Chinese, who allow the Silla govern in return.  The Silla do allow Sinification to take place.

3. Sinification  Imperial family  Many aristocracy studies in Chinese schools and sat for Confucian exams.  Most positions were favored by birth.  Buddhism was favored over Confucians.  Aristocracy dominate Korea’s political, economic and social life.

4. Vietnam--Qin  Chinese move into the Red River Valley because of the fertile rice region.  They received the benefits of Chinese society but did not lose their own culture.  Their language was not related to the Chinese, had village autonomy, nuclear family and Vietnamese women had freedom in general.

5. Sinificaiton  Han extracts tribute from Vietnam and then governs directly. Viets attend Chinese schools, learn Chinese script and studied Confucian classics.  Incorporation of new techniques leads to high productivity and high population. Use of military techniques gives them advantage over other colonizers.

6. Resistance  Many Viets were frustrated by the Chinese.  The Trung sisters lead a revolt in 39 CE to outlaw Confucianism (male-dominated).  By 939 (fall of Tang) Vietnam is independent (almost 1,000 years of war).  Scholar-gentry never gains much power.  Most officials identify with village rulers, peasantry and Buddhism.