1. Volcanic eruptions in Mt Lokon Group transformers Members: Presley (13) Eugene (16) Jovi (22) Rui Bing (24) Yan Chen (25)

2. Volcanoes in Indonesia part of Pacific Ring of Fire most active volcanoes are kelut and Merapi Mt Lokon is the most recent volcano which erupted

3. Mt Lokon Located at northern Sulawesi Conical shaped edifice (structure) Rises 1km above surrounding plain 1580m above sea level Most recent eruption occurred on 15 July

4. Mt Lokon

5. Reasons for living near volcanoes Agricultural (fertile soil) Ancestors and culture Geothermal energy Volcanoes perfectly safe for long periods between eruptions Minerals Tourism

6. Impacts of 15/7/11 eruption Destroyed 391 households Nearly 5000 evacuees taken refuge in government shelters 1 died when running (heart attack)

7. Response of government Government disburse Rp 500 million to help evacuees Taken shelter out of danger zone Called on residents to be discerning when receiving information on volcano

8. Evacuation plan Alertness Level -different signals to prepare villagers near volcano to evacuate -Seismometer is used to aid people during volcanic eruptions

9. Evacuation plan: Seismometer Used to measure motions of the ground, including seismic waves Motions decide the various alertness levels

10. Seismometer: Alertness levels Level 1: Normal Activity which has no magma pressure indication. Level 2: Cautious which has low activity caused by magma, tectonic, and hydrothermal power. Level 3: Alert which has intensive seismic activity which may erupt within 2 weeks if it moves to level 4. Level 4: Beware which the crater has started erupting, producing ash and smoke and the volcano may explode in a day.

11. Seismometer Level 1-blue Level 2-green Level 3-orange Level 4-red

12. Evacuation plan: problems faced Food distribution Emergency evacuation services Sanitation Health Increasing no. of refugees due to continued eruptions (5359 in 24 locations)

13. Evacuation plan: Red Cross Able to take part in progress of evacuating people Provide aid for victims- mobile clinics Distribution of rations