2. Passive Voice 被动语态

3. 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 1. 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者, 2. 或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 被动语态结构： be + 过去分词 (PP) + (by …) 在改写中应注意： 原宾语主语 ; 1. 把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语 ; be + 过去分词 2. 把动词变成 “ be + 过去分词 ” ; 主语 by 宾语。 3. 主动语态中的主语变为介词 by 的宾语。

4. 表格：被动态基本结构 时态被动语态结构 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 am/is/are done was/were done am/is/are being done was/were being done shall/will/be going to be done would be done have/has been done had been done

5. Some people attacked the towers. S V O The towers were attacked S V by some people.

6. Oral practice- 主动句改被动句 Oral practice--1. Change each sentence into passive voice: 1)A car knocked him down yesterday. 2)Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team ． 3)When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree ． He was knocked down by a car yesterday ． The medical team is made up of by two … ． A fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.

7. 4)We’ll put on the play next Sunday ． 5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school ． 6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year ． The play will be put on next Sunday ． A new teaching building is being built by workers in our school ． The railway had been completed by the end of last year ．

8. 7)We should protect the earth ． 8)You need to paint the wall ． The earth should be protected ． The wall needs to be painted ．

9. 几种特殊结构 1.My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday ． 2.We often hear him play guitar ． I was given a gift on my birthday ． A gift was given to me on my birthday. He is often heard to play guitar 注意： see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make, listen to, look at 等动词 / 短语后作宾语补语的不 定式都不带 to ；但改成被动语态后必须带 to 。

10. We should take care of the old people. The old people should be taken care of.

11.  1 。动词 () + 副词 (  1 。动词 ( 表示主语的属性特征 ) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly), 用主动式表被动义。 read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock, open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…  The books ____ well ． A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being sold  This kind of cloth ____ easily ． A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed B C 主动式表被动义

12.  2. 不定式在某些形容词后作状语  2. 不定式在某些形容词后作状语, 且和句子的主 语 ( 或宾语 ) 构成动宾关系时, 用主动式表被动义。 difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good, comfortable,light,heavy,safe,…  The fish is not fit _______(eat) ．  We find English is hard _______ (learn) ．  The article is difficult ___________ (understand). to eat to learn to understand

13.  3. 不定式作后置定语  3. 不定式作后置定语, 与被修饰的名词构成动 宾关系, 又和该句主语 ( 或宾语 ) 构成主谓关系时, 用主动式表被动义。  I have a lot of homework ______(do) ．  I’ll give him some books ______ (read) ． to do to read

14. 表示状态特征的连系动词 +adj./n., 用 主动式表被动义。  4 表示状态特征的连系动词 +adj./n., 用主动式表 被动义。 (look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove, appear,make,...) The steel feels cold ．  5 表示 “ 开始、结束、运动 ” 的动词用主动式表被 动义。 (begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, move,run,...) The shop opens at 6 am. every day ．

15. 表示主语的属性特征的动词 + 副词 well/ badly/easily/smoothly, 用主 动式表被动义  6. 作 “ 需要 ” 讲的 want/need/require 后接动 名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然 也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。 Your jacket needs washing/ to be washed ．

16. Quiz 1 1. The steel _____ cold ． A. is felt B. was feeling C. feels D. is being felt 2. His plan _____ good ． A. has sounded B. is sounding C. is sounded D. sounds C D

17. Quiz 2 The shop _____ at 6 am. every day ． A. opens B. opened C. is opened D. is opening Work _____ at 7 pm. today ． A. ends B. ended C. was ended D. had ended A B

18. The pen ______ smoothly ． A. was wrote B. writes C. has writing D. is written This coat _____ easily ． A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed Quiz 3 B C

19. Your jacket needs ________(wash) ． The house requires _______ (repair) ． Quiz 4 washing repairing

20. The fish is not fit _______(eat) ． We find English difficult _________ (learn) ． Quiz 5 to eat to learn

21. I have much homework _____ (do) ． I’ll give the boy some books _______(read) ． Quiz 6 to do to read

22. Correcting mistake 2.Correct the mistake(s) in each sentence if any: 1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball ． 2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university ． 3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted? was sent will last were hurt

23. 4)A fire was broken out last night ． 5)He had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before ． 6)The large building that is now built will be a hospital ． had been damaged is now being built broke out

24. 7)Class is begun at 7:30 every day ． 8)His plan is sounded good ． 9)Your coat needs being washed ． begins sounds to be washed / washing

25. 1.An exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week ． A ． are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D ． will hold Multiple choice B

26. 2. I’m sorry,sir ． Your recorder isn’t ready yet ． It ____ in the factory ． A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. hasn’t been repaired A

27. 3 ． Every possible means ____, but none ____ successful ． A. has tried; has proved B ． tried; proves C. has been tried; proves D. is being tried; is proved C

28. 4 ． The question he asked is hard ____ ． A. for answer B. to answer C ． to be answered D. answering B

29. 5 ． In warm weather, fruit and meat ____ long ． A. cannot be kept B. don’t keep C. mustn’t keep D. is not kept A

30. 6 ． He received a telegram ____: “Mother ill” ． A ． written B. reading C. said D. writing B

31. 7. --Did you hand him the letter yesterday? --No, I ____ to him ． A. brought it B. took it C. had it sent D. carried it C

32. 8 ． Alice had a dress ____ last week ． A ． made B. make C. to be made D. to make A

33. 9 ． The teacher couldn’t make him ____ attention to because the students were so noisy. A. pay B. paid C. to pay D. to be paid B

34. 10.--When will the lecture begin? --When the students ____ ． A ． have sat B ． sat down C ． will sit D ． are seated D