3. What are rocks made of?

4. Minerals are not made by people; they are … …naturally occurring substances.

5. Name four properties (or clues) that scientists use to identify minerals. Color, luster, streak, and hardness

6. Which property means the way the light bounces off the mineral?

7. What words can be used to describe a mineral’s luster? Glassy, dull, shiny, greasy

8. Why is color not a good property to use to identify a mineral? Many minerals have the same color. slate limestone

9. What are three testers that can be used to determine a mineral’s hardness? fingernail, penny, nail

10. What type of rock is formed when magma cools and hardens?

11. There are two types of Igneous rocks Intrusive in side the earth Extrusive out side the earth

12. Granite is an example of an Intrusive Igneous Rock It forms under the Earths surface from the cooling of magma Intrusive igneous are usually rough to the touch unless they are polished Examples: Kitchen Counters The Continental Crust of the Earth is primarily made of Granite

13. Other examples of Intrusive Igneous Rocks: Gabbro Andesite Diorite

14. Examples of Extrusive Igneous Rocks Basalt is an example of an Extrusive Igneous Rock The Oceanic Crust is made primarily of Basalt – Basalt is formed from lava on the crust of the Earth. – Because it is formed on the surface, the crystals are very fine-grained

15. Other examples of Extrusive Igneous Rocks Obsidian Rhyolite Scoria

16. What type of rock is formed when weathering and erosion cause sediments to press together in layers?

17. Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation of sediments. Sediments include materials from sand grain size to boulder size

18. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Clastic Sedimentary Rocks are formed from mechanical weathering debris Mechanical weathering takes place when rocks are broken down without any change in the chemical nature of the rocks Breccia Conglomerate Sandstone Shale

19. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks Chemical Sedimentary Rocks form when dissolved materials precipitate from solution Halite Limestone

20. Organic Sedimentary Rocks Organic Sedimentary Rocks form from the dead plants and animals and their debris. Coal and fossiliferous limestone are examples of organic sed. Rock Fossiliferous Limestone Coal

21. What type of rock is formed when change occurs from heat and pressure in the Earth?

22. Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks have been modified (changed) by heat, pressure and chemical process usually while buried deep below Earth's surface. There are two basic types of metamorphic rocks: Non-foliated Foliated

23. Foliated Metamorphic Rocks Foliated metamorphic rocks: have a layered or banded appearance known as a foliation Gneiss Schist Slate

24. Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rock Non-foliated metamorphic rocks such as marble and quartzite do not have a layered or banded appearance Quartzite Marble

25. Melted rock below the Earth’s surface is called…

26. Small bits and pieces of rocks are called…

27. The breaking down and wearing away of rocks is called…

28. The movement of sediments from one place to another is called…