1. TYPES & BREEDS OF LOCAL, EXOTIC & CROSSBRED BUFFALO & CATTLE

2. BUFFALOES Family:Bovidae Family:Bovidae Species: (Bubualus bubalis): Species: (Bubualus bubalis): 1. Types of buffalo: Cape buffalo of Africa Water buffalo: Near & Middle east Swamp or marsh buffalo: Far East. differ from each other in differ from each other in body appearance, habits & temperament.

3. Buffalo found in Indo-Pak subcontinent belong to the water buffalo group Buffalo found in Indo-Pak subcontinent belong to the water buffalo group Although raised for milk production, Pakistani buffalo are considered to be triple purpose domestic animals Although raised for milk production, Pakistani buffalo are considered to be triple purpose domestic animals (milk, meat & draught) (milk, meat & draught)

4. NILI-RAVI Home Tract: Home Tract: Lahore, Sheikhupura, Faisalabad, Okara, Sahiwal, Multan, Bahawalpur and Bahwalnagar Lahore, Sheikhupura, Faisalabad, Okara, Sahiwal, Multan, Bahawalpur and Bahwalnagar Physical Characters: Physical Characters: massive & wedged shape, black with white muzzle, lower parts of 4 legs, fore head & switch of tail (PUNJKALIAN), small curly horns and walleye

5. Production Parameters: Production Parameters: Maturity: Males; 30 months, Maturity: Males; 30 months, female: 36 months, female: 36 months, Milk yield: 1800-2500 liters with a 6.5% fat, Milk yield: 1800-2500 liters with a 6.5% fat, Body weight: Males: 550-650Kg, Body weight: Males: 550-650Kg, Females: 350-450Kg. Females: 350-450Kg. Growth rate: 800-1000gm/d. Growth rate: 800-1000gm/d.

6. Reproductive Performance Reproductive Performance Age at 1 st calving, 47 months Age at 1 st calving, 47 months lactation length, 312 days lactation length, 312 days dry period, 198 days dry period, 198 days service period, 211 days service period, 211 days calving interval 520 days calving interval 520 days gestation period 306  10 days gestation period 306  10 days

8. KUNDI Home Tract: Home Tract: both sides of river Indus from Kashmore to Shah Bandar (Sindh). both sides of river Indus from Kashmore to Shah Bandar (Sindh). Physical Characters: Physical Characters: Massive jet-black, horns are broad at the base and taper up ward and in ward (fish hook shape), broad fore head, short neck & medium sized ears. Massive jet-black, horns are broad at the base and taper up ward and in ward (fish hook shape), broad fore head, short neck & medium sized ears.

9. Production Parameters: Production Parameters: Maturity: Males, 30 months; Maturity: Males, 30 months; Female, 36 months Female, 36 months Milk yield: 1700-2200 liters with a 6% butterfat. Milk yield: 1700-2200 liters with a 6% butterfat. Body weight: Body weight: Males, 500-600Kg; Males, 500-600Kg; Females, 300-400Kg. Females, 300-400Kg.

10. Age at 1 st calving, 54 months Age at 1 st calving, 54 months lactation length, 335 days lactation length, 335 days dry period, 226 days dry period, 226 days service period, 274 days service period, 274 days calving interval 581 days calving interval 581 days gestation period 306  10 days gestation period 306  10 days

12. BREEDS OF CATTLE Family: Bovidae. Family: Bovidae. European cattle European cattle non-humped: Bos taraus Pakistani cattle Pakistani cattle Humped (Zebu): Bos indicus Humped (Zebu): Bos indicus Classes:3 on the basis of the purpose for which it is mainly kept. Classes:3 on the basis of the purpose for which it is mainly kept.

13. MILCH BREEDS

14. SAHIWAL Home Tract: Home Tract: Faisalabad, Okara & Sahiwal & Multan (Punjab). Faisalabad, Okara & Sahiwal & Multan (Punjab). Physical Characters: Physical Characters: Medium in size, fleshy body, Females reddish dun color, males have darker color around orbit, neck & hindquarter. Medium in size, fleshy body, Females reddish dun color, males have darker color around orbit, neck & hindquarter. Males: stumpy horns Females: generally poled. Ears: Medium sized & dropping, Hump in males is massive but nominal in females. Switch of tail: black. Males: stumpy horns Females: generally poled. Ears: Medium sized & dropping, Hump in males is massive but nominal in females. Switch of tail: black.

15. Milk yield; 1500-2200 liters with a 4.5% butterfat. Milk yield; 1500-2200 liters with a 4.5% butterfat. Body weight: Males: 400-500Kg, Females: 300-350Kg. Body weight: Males: 400-500Kg, Females: 300-350Kg. Average GR is 0.4-0.5 Kg males & 0.3 to 0.35 Kg females. Average GR is 0.4-0.5 Kg males & 0.3 to 0.35 Kg females.

16. Age at maturity 850 days Age at maturity 850 days age at 1 st calving 2 ½ to 3 years age at 1 st calving 2 ½ to 3 years lactation length 275 days lactation length 275 days dry period 142 days dry period 142 days calving interval 412 days calving interval 412 days gestation period 280  10 days gestation period 280  10 days

19. RED SINDHI Home Tract: Home Tract: Karachi, Thata, Dadu, Hyderabad (Sindh) & Lasbella (Baluchistan) Karachi, Thata, Dadu, Hyderabad (Sindh) & Lasbella (Baluchistan) Physical Characters: Physical Characters: Medium in size, compact body & red color; Males: darker around shoulders, Hindquarters are round & dropping, switch of tail black, Ears medium sized & dropping, Medium in size, compact body & red color; Males: darker around shoulders, Hindquarters are round & dropping, switch of tail black, Ears medium sized & dropping, Hump in males well developed & ears are fine & small, Hump in males well developed & ears are fine & small,

20. Milk yield: 1500-2000 liters with a 4.0% butterfat. Milk yield: 1500-2000 liters with a 4.0% butterfat. Body weight: Body weight: –Males 425-525Kg; –Females 300-350Kg. Average growth rate is 0.3 Kg in males Average growth rate is 0.3 Kg in males –& 0.23 Kg in females.

21. Age at 1 st calving, 1180 days Age at 1 st calving, 1180 days lactation length, 275 days lactation length, 275 days dry period, 180 days dry period, 180 days calving interval 430 days calving interval 430 days gestation period 280  10 days gestation period 280  10 days