1. MED process diagram
2002
IAEA

2. Principle of a Reverse Osmosis process (RO)
2002
IAEA

3. Reverse Osmosis (RO) Very popular (40% of overall desalted water)
Reverse Osmosis: separation of salty and pure water by semipermeable membranes
Total energy of ~ 4 kWh/m3 required for high pressure pumps: 50 to 80 bar (800-1,180 psi) for seawater
Pre-treatment and post-treatment needed: suspended solids and microorganisms
Hollow fiber and spiral wound membrane types
2002
IAEA

4. Coupling between NP and DP: general considerations
Selection of proper technology
Required product quality and amount: power-to-water ratio
Safety: mainly dependent of nuclear plant, the design of coupling technology, and transient interactions between the two plants
Specific national requirements
Commitment of government is crucial (especially for financial reasons)
Site selection
In-depth feasibility studies
2002
IAEA

5. Nuclear power reactor + MSF
2002
IAEA

6. Nuclear power reactor + MSF + RO
2002
IAEA

7. Nuclear power reactor + MED
2002
IAEA

8. Desalination Economic Evaluation Program
DEEP developed by IAEA
Provides:
Cost of water and power
Cost comparison of several options (fossil/nuclear)
Power consumption for water and nuclear
2002
IAEA

9. Region 2 (South East Asia/Red Sea /North Africa)
March 2000
IAEA - T. Konishi

10. DEEP economic study: main findings
Demonstrated competitiveness of nuclear power for desalination compared with fossil-fueled energy sources
Desalination costs range: $0.40 – 1.90 / m3
MSF costs systematically higher than RO or MED
RO economically favorable for less stringent drinking standards
Costs higher with smaller reactors
RO and MED costs are, in general, comparable
2002
IAEA

11. Table 1. EXPERIENCE IN NUCLER DESLINATION PLANTS
Plant name
Reactor Type
Gross Power (MWe)
Desalination Process
Water Capacity
m3/d
Ikata-1,2 (Japan)
PWR
2x566
MSF
2000
Ikata-3 (Japan)
890
RO1
Ohi-1,2 (Japan)
2x1175
3900
Ohi-3,4 (Japan)
2x1180 RO
2600
Genkai-4 (Japan)
1180
1000
Genkai-3,4 (Japan)
MED
Takahama-3,4 (Japan)
2x870
Kashiwazaki (Japan)
BWR
1100
MSF2
BN-350 (Kazakhstan)
LMR
150
(till 1999)
MSF&MED
80000
2002
IAEA