5.  Indus River Valley  One of earliest civilizations  Disappeared around 1750BCE  Aryan migration  Came from Caucus Mtns.  Vedas  Earliest Hindu religious texts  Monism  The fundamental character of the universe is unity

7.  Division of universal guiding spirit  Mouth  Brahmins (priests)  Arms  Kshatriyas (warriors)  Thighs  Viashyas (landowners)  Feet  Sudras (slaves)

8.  Dharma  Role in life and society  Based on birth and place in caste system  Comes from Bhagavad-Gita  Krishna

9.  Samsara  Rebirth, reincarnation  Moksha  Ultimate reality  Karma  Justice of the universe

11.  Siddhartha Gautama  Born into royalty  Discovered that suffering was universal across all castes  Nirvana  Ultimate reality  Buddha  Teacher  Enlightened one

12.  Dukkha  Suffering, dissatisfaction, unease  Anicca  Impermanence, change  Anatta  No permanent self

13. 1. All life is suffering 2. Suffering is caused by desire 3. To end suffering, one must rid oneself of desire 4. To achieve this, one must follow the Eightfold Path

14. 1. Right view 2. Right intention 3. Right speech 4. Right action 5. Right livelihood 6. Right effort 7. Right mindfulness 8. Right concentration