1. Chemical Bonds and Reactions

2. Two kinds of bonds Ionic Covalent Chemical Bonds and Reactions

3. Ionic bonds Ions of opposite charge join together Na+ and Cl- = NaCl Chemical Bonds and Reactions

4. Covalent Bonds Electrons are shared when elements join together water - H20 Chemical Bonds and Reactions

5. Chemical Reactions Reactants are changed into a new substance, products. HCl + NaOH --> NaCl +H2O Chemical Bonds and Reactions Energy Changes

6. Endothermic reactions -energy is used to make something Chemical Bonds and Reactions.

7. Exothermic reaction – -energy is given off.

8. -MIXTURES -Combination of substances that are not chemically bonded For example sand and water, or air MIXTURES

9. Solution a uniform mixture of two or more substance.

10. MIXTURES 2 parts of a mixture Solute - the dissolved substance Solvent - the dissolving substance

11. MIXTURES Kool-aid What is needed to make it? What is the solvent and what is the solute?

12. Common Types of Solutions Gas-gas air Liquid-gas moist air Gas-liquid soda water Liquid-liquid vinegar

13. Common Types of Solutions Solid-liquid brine Solid-solid sterling sliver Water H2O

14. Essential part of living things 65-95 % the human body You can live 60 days without food you can only live 6 days without water.

15. Water - H2O Two Hydrogen and One oxygen

16. Covalent Bond Water is the universal solvent. Hydrogen bond is unique Makes blood circulation possible

17. Acids, Bases, and Salts Acids - compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) Bases - compounds that release hydroxide ions (OH-)

18. Acids, Bases, and Salts –Salts compounds that release ions other than hydrogen or hydroxide ions Neither a acid nor a base. –Salts dissolve in water are electrolytes because they conduct an electrical current Sports drinks are mixtures of electrolytes that are used to replace salts excreted in sweat when a person exercises. pH

19. Scale A standard measurement of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.

20. Scale 0 to 14 pH Scale Basic 13 bleach 11 ammonia 9 baking soda

21. Scale 8 egg whites pH Scale Neutral 7.5 Blood 7 Water pH Scale Acid 5 coffee 4 tomato juice 3 vinegar 2 lemon juice.5 battery acid