1. Interoperability Standards
802.21, UMA/GAN u Industry Standards

2. Interoperability Overview
Motivation
802.21
GAN/UMA
802.11u
Industry Standards

3. Different Networks Available in Different Areas
3G WWAN
Operating on 3G WWAN
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Plug into power jack Wakeup Wi-Fi
Continue over Wi-Fi
Wakeup Wi-Fi
Zone 4
Zone 5
Zone 6
Airport
Radio State
3G WWAN
Wi-Fi
WiMAX
GPS
Radio State
3G WWAN
Wi-Fi
WiMAX
GPS
Radio State
3G WWAN
Wi-Fi
WiMAX
GPS
Radio State
3G WWAN
Wi-Fi
WiMAX
GPS
Radio State
3G WWAN
Wi-Fi
WiMAX
GPS
Radio State
3G WWAN
Wi-Fi
WiMAX
GPS
Radio State
3G WWAN
Wi-Fi
WiMAX
GPS
Wi-Fi Link Going Down.
Connect to Wi-Fi
Home
Continue session on 3G WWAN
Continue session on Wi-Fi
Battery level low
Shutdown WiMAX
Switch to 3G WWAN
Operator initiated switch to WiMAX
Continue session on WiMAX
Shutdown Wi-Fi
Zone 7
WiMAX
Zone 8
WiMAX
Zone 9
IEEE for Network Discovery
VCC, SIP, IMS for Call Continuity (3G WWAN  Wi-Fi)
IEEE , SIP, VCC, IMS, for Network Selection and Service Continuity across multiple radios (3G WWAN  Wi-Fi  WiMAX)
802.21, SIP, IMS for Service Continuity (Wi-Fi  WiMAX)
V. Gupta, “IEEE MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER,” IEEE session #15 July 17, 2006

4. Operators Approaches
I, Niva, “UMA – “Unlicensed Mobile Access” on the way to VoIP” Wireless Cities Conference06
Mobile Operators
Operator with smaller customer base may have following view:
Any WLAN access point can be allowed for VHO.
Allowing access anywhere will attract more customers.
While operator with already large customer base may think:
Allow only WLAN APs at customers’ homes for VHO access, to ensure that cellular revenues are also maintained.
Reason could be that access pricing is defined lower than in cellular.
Cable & Fixed
Operators ,
MVNOs
Similar views may exist as mentioned for mobile operators
The opinion depends on whether VHO is used for attracting new customers or for defending the old customer base.
Fixed & Mobile
Operators
Here the view may depend on whether target is to have different or the same service portfolio for old fixed and mobile customers
Thus several opinions probably exist.
Operators may have different views on where the WLAN APs are allowed to be used for UMA access

5. Handover Standards IEEE IEEE 3GPP/2 802.21 IETF I-WLAN VCC SAE-LTE
Horizontal Handovers
Inter-working & Handover Signaling
IETF
MIP
FMIP
SIP
HIP
NETLMM
DNA
MIPSHOP
IP Mobility & Handover Signaling

6. Media Independent Handover (MIH)
802.21
Media Independent Handover (MIH)

7. 802.21 Motivation Incorrect Network Selection
Ability of a device to choose it’s connection was hopeless. You could often connect at L2, but not at the network layer. The PC would often connect to the wrong one of many available APs, based on signal strength criteria alone.
Increasing number of interfaces on devices
Problem could extend to cover multiple interfaces.
Various fast handover mechanisms in IETF
MIPv4, FMIPv6
IETF anticipated L2 constructs in standardized form
Triggers, events, hints etc, but 802 was not providing them in a standard form or a media independent form
21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt

8. 802.21: Key Services Link Layer Triggers Network Information
MIH Function
Protocol and Device Hardware
Applications (VoIP/RTP)
Connection Management
WLAN
Cellular
WMAN
L2 Triggers and Events
Information Service
Mobility Management Protocols
Smart Triggers
Handover Messages
Handover Management
Handover Policy
IEEE
IETF
Link Layer Triggers
State Change
Predictive
Network Initiated
Network Information
Available Networks
Neighbor Maps
Network Services
Handover Commands
Client Initiated
Vertical Handovers
uses multiple services to Optimize
Vertical Handovers
21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt

9. Media specific changes closely follow base protocol
Media specific Amendments
MIH Protocol (MAC independent messages) defined in
Container for MIH messages for defined in u
Container for MIH messages for defined in g
Working with 3GPP-SAE for 3GPP specific changes
Transport for MIH Protocol defined in IETF (MIPSHOP)
Media specific changes closely follow base protocol
21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt

10. Media Independent Information Service
Overview
Media Independent Information Service
Information Server
WMAN
WLAN
WWAN
Global Network Map
List of Available Networks /16/22, GSM, UMTS
Link Layer Information Neighbor Maps
Higher Layer Services - ISP, MMS, ….
Network Type
SSID/ Cell ID
BSSID
Operator
Security
EAP Type
Channel
QoS
Physical Layer
Data Rate
GSM
13989
N/A
Oper-1 NA
1900
9.6 Kbps
802.11n
Enterprise
00:00:…
Oper-2
.11i
EAP-PEAP 6
.11e
OFDM
100 Mbps
802.16e
Oper-3
PKM 11
Yes
40 Mbps
Network Type
SSID/ Cell ID
BSSID
Operator
Security NW
Channel
QoS
Physical Layer
Data Rate
GSM
13989
N/A
AT&T NA
1900
9.6 kbps
802.11b
Intel
00:00:…
.11i
EAP-PEAP 6
.11e
OFDM
11 Mbps
Network Type
SSID/ Cell ID
BSSID
Operator
Security NW
Channel
QoS
Physical Layer
Data Rate
GSM
13989
N/A
AT&T NA
1900
9.6 kbps
21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt

11. Types of Handover Based on Control Model
Terminal Controlled
Terminal makes use of some MIH services
Terminal Initiated, Network Assisted
Terminal makes use of MIH Information Service
Network Initiated and Network Controlled
Network makes use of MIH Event and Command Service, plus Information Service knowledge, to decide if handover is needed/desired, to decide the target, and to command the terminal to handover
21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt

12. UMA

13. UMA Overview
UMA allows to access the mobile voice and data services of the cellular network over a Wireless LAN
Subscribers are enabled to roam and handover between cellular networks and wireless networks

14. UMA Architecture
Mobile devices access the Core Network through Unlicensed Mobile Access Network (UMAN).
UMAN has 3 major entities
Unlicensed wireless network
IP access network
UMA Network controller (UNC)
UNC authorizes and authenticates the Mobile devices for accessing the Core Network

15. UMA Security Authentication
Authenticate MS with UNC to make secure tunnel
Based GSM or UMTS credentials
Protocol of authentication is IKEv2
GSM : EAP-SIM or UMTS : EAP-AKA
Mutual Authentication of MS and Mobile Network
Session Key Generation – IK and CK

16. Interworking with External Networks
802.11u
Interworking with External Networks

17. 802.11u
Standard out in 2009
Specifically addresses handoffs where user not preauthorized (generally because from another network)
Major Topics
Network Selection
Emergency Call support
Authorization from Subscriber Network,
Media Independent Handover Support
Supporting information and control messages of

18. Network Selection
STA (clients) need to know the roaming suitability before authenticating/associating (in state-1) with the AP
Roaming information of various hotspots is not scalable to be configured on the client
Roaming information includes
Is this WLAN suitable for roaming?
What is the SSID that client to connect?
Who provides this information?
The home network (called SSPN in TGu terminology) or
A trusted source that has this roaming information
But could the home SSPN be located far away?
How is the query routed/switched to the destination?
What are the query semantics used?

19. E-911 call Intended to provide normal service on unlicensed network
Support e911 STA calls without authentication credentials
Access control limited to only e911 calls
Authorized STA is straightforward
Location information not available, but may be available in task group v
Public User Credentials
Allow WPA capable SSID to support e911 calls
A well known public user id (NAI) is used for dummy authentication
AAA server downloads restricted e911 policy to AP to restrict traffic
Draft standard does not discuss security keys for encryption
EBR in QoS Setup
Open Auth SSID
Special SSID without any security support is configured for emergency
Simple MAC level solution, with no AAA involvement => Applicable for certain situations
Open auth association but AP may configure this SSID to only use a certain VLAN destined for emergency use only EBR in QoS Setup

20. Other Handoff/Interoperability Standards

21. VCC Status Different technologies agree to virtual channel
Initiated within 3GPP in June 2005
2006 through requirements, has only fully completed the requirements stage,
Different technologies agree to virtual channel
Joint control impossible
Some argue inferior to UMA
Some argue better than UMA

22. Other Cellular + WiFi
Seamless Converged Communication Across Network (SCCAN)
Motorola, Proxim, Avaya – Enterprise solutions
Mobile Integrated Go-to-Market Network IP Telephony Experience (Mobile IGNITE)
Vendor driven solution
Wireless Wireline Convergence Working Group
Alcatel, Cisco (International Packet Communications Consortium)
Bottom line
Even for standard convergence type activities there’s many different emerging standards.
Need for special radios to navigate standards?
Mobile IGNITE

23. Interoperability Summary
Proliferation of standards + lack of silver bullet standard means that optimal access technology will vary
Supporting growth in use of VoIP will make networks less dependent on particular access technologies
Biggest issues are:
Getting industries to agree (Herding cats)
Managing security across heterogeneous networks
Harmonizing handoff routines
is the standard that ties together the vertical handoff standards
-03
-02
-01
-00
-99
-98
-97
-96
-95
-94
-93
-07 e
-92
-04
-05
-06
-08
Mobile voice traffic
Fixed voice traffic
VoIP traffic
Rapid growth ?
Source: Nokia
Technology used to terminate the call
More information
Talk tonight (Oct 4) in Charlottesville on
6:00 PM: Social hour - Pizza & soda sponsored by Tyco Electronics
7:00 PM: Speaker Vivek Gupta - Intel Corporation
Where: University of Virginia, Olsson Hall, Room 120