1. PART I Chapter 18 Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

2. Phylogeny

3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W25nI9kpxtU 7:16 min
Archaea
7:16 min

4. Archaebacteria – ancient bacteria
Methanogens
Live in:
Oxygen-free environment
Produce methane gas
Halophiles
Salt water
Acidophiles:
Hot, acidic water

5. Eubacteria - “True” bacteria
Live in more habitable environments
Heterotrophs
Photosynthetic
Autotrophs
Chemosynthetic
Saprophytes (decomposers)
Need sunlight to make food
Need sulfur & nitrogen to make food
Parasites (cause disease)
Example: Cyanobacteria
Nitrogen fixation
(FIX the nitrogen)

6. Obligate Aerobes Obligate Anaerobes
Cellular Respiration
Obligate Aerobes
Obligate Anaerobes
Need Oxygen
Die from Oxygen

7. Cyanobacteria - “blue-green bacteria” Algae + Bacteria

8. Sulfur Bacteria

9. Characteristics First living evidence on earth Unicellular
Prokaryotes (No membrane-bound organelles)
Cell wall with internal plasma membrane
Found everywhere

10. Bacteria

11. Bacteria Structures
Cell wall – provides support and protection to the cell
Plasma membrane – flexible, selectively permeable boundary that controls what enters and leaves the cell
Cytoplasm – semi-fluid material inside the cell’s plasma membrane
Ribosome – organelle that helps to manufacture proteins
DNA - stores and communicates genetic information for the cell

12. Bacteria Structures Pilus/pili - hairlike protrusion
to stick to surfaces
a bridge for sexual reproduction
Flagellum - long, whiplike protrusion, for moving
Capsule - sticky layers around cell wall
Toxin - a powerful poison
Endospore – found in some bacteria resists harsh environments

13. Flagella

14. Capsules

15. Reproduction Asexual Sexual Binary Fission Rapid - 20 min.
Cell division
Rapid - 20 min.
Sexual
Conjugation – exchange genetic material
Pili/pilus - bridge

16. Binary Fission: Asexual Reproduction

17. Conjugation - Sexual Reproduction

18. Endospores

19. Endospores

20. Classification: Gram stain – Cell wall type
Thick – Purple Stain = “Gram Positive”
Thin - Pink Stain = “Gram Negative”

21. Classification: Three Basic Shapes
Cocci -Spheres Bacilli -Rods Spirilli -Spiral

22. Growth Patterns
Diplo- pairs
Staphylo- clusters
Strepto- chains

23. Streptococci

24. Pneumonia

25. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-z9-9OOWC4 11:04 min.
Bacteria
11:04 min.

26. PART II Chapter 18 Ecology

27. Beneficial Bacteria Nitrogen fixation Nodules
Converts nitrogen into ammonia
a form that plants can use
Nodules
A symbiotic relationship between bacteria and plants

28. (Beneficial Bacteria)
Saprophytes (decomposers)
Breaks down dead organisms and decaying matter
Returns nutrients to soil

29. (Beneficial Bacteria)
Make food:
Cheese
Pickles
Yogurt
Vinegar
Sauerkraut

30. Pathogenic Bacteria – disease-causing bacteria
Pathogen – an organism that causes disease
Produce toxins
Damage host’s tissues
Enter through openings in body (via air, food, water)

31. Antibiotics: ~ Destroys cell wall of bacteria ~ Creates holes in the cell walls
Sir Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillium notatum

32. Air-Born

33. Air-Born Bacteria

36. 10 Leading Causes of Death in South Dakota (1991 – 2011)
Heart Disease 2,324
Cancer 1,524
Stroke
Chronic Lower Respiratory
Influenza/Pneumonia
Accidents
Diabetes
Suicide
Aortic Aneurysm
Kidney Disease
All other ,004

37. South Dakota 2011 Deaths. 7,271 total
Cancer 1,656
Heart Disease 1,615
Chronic Lower Respiratory
Stroke
Alzheimer’s
Accidents
Diabetes
Influenza/Pneumonia
Suicide
Dementia
All other ,556

38. Old & Odd: Archaea, Bacteria & Protists - CrashCourse Biology #35