1. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH. 21n 17o CLASS NOTES Civilization and Urbanization

2. The Beginning of State Formation… (You should know this story by now.) Nomadic (H-G) settle into small villages (1 st Ag. Rev.) Work specialization Classes develop, status in society Villages incorporate to larger cities under central authority (CORE) Begins formation of state

3. Urbanization and State Formation Transforms egalitarian (equal) societies into stratified (layers of classes, jobs), specialized ones Why? How is Urbanization distributed around globe today?

5. The Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia) FORMATIVE ERA – (5000 BCE – 2000 BCE) Development of “states” and “urbanization” Mesopotamia, Nile River (Egypt), Indus River (India) “City” becomes focus of state planning must flow into city (C-P / Von Thunen)

11. Diffusion Patterns

12. Functions of the City? Religious Centers Government Centers (Services) Educational Centers Economic / Trade Centers Cultural / Social Centers Protection Center

13. How do Populations / Cities Diffuse? Trade Routes Rise and Decline of Civilizations / Empires Mediterranean Sea Egypt, Greece, Rome

15. Empire of Alexander the Great (Diffusion Type?)

16. Hail Caesar!

17. Why Empires Decline / Fail…? Trade and Transport networks break down Misrule, corruption, external attack, revolt Social Order breaks down – hard to control foreign peoples

18. City Classifications – Gideon Sjoberg Cities are products of their societies 1. Folk-Preliterate (agricultural settlement) 2. Feudal (Status of houses {manor}) 3. Pre-Industrial (architecture and arts influence on religious / gov’t buildings) 4. Urban-Industrial (high rise / econ. & financial takeover of city core)

19. Classic Urban Banana – London to Japan

21. Modern City – Marked by elaborate road construction leading to suburbanization Postmodernism – Modern styles contrasting with older historical roots