1. Sponsors: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) NASA New York City Research Initiative (NYCRI) Contributors: Dr. Edward Dreyzin, NJIT Mr. William Carroll, Bayonne High School Mr. Dimitrios Stamatis, NJIT Mr. Nicholas Ruggirello, Bayonne High School Use of Nanotechnology to Investigate Bonding Strengths in Thermite Welding 2 cm APPLICATIONS: Composition & manufacturing of microchips Welding in oxygen free environments (Space & Ocean) and more adhesion for joining PROCEDURE: 1) Place measured amount of powder (Al-CuO of mole of choice) in a 3 piece mold (approximately 9mm x 8 mm). 4)The “powder” is now a pellet. Take apart mold by unscrewing the 3 pieces and carefully remove pellet (very fragile) from mold 5)Measure thickness, using a digital caliper. 6)Measure mass again to note change in mass? 7)Sandwich pellet between 2 copper foil covered, fiberglass plates. 8)A small spring is placed on one side of vise pushing against sandwich. 9)Ignition is achieved using a tungsten wire, braided with a 30 Volt electric potential. 10)Place wire in contact with top part of pellet (should be slightly sticking out of sandwich). 11)Plug in cord, and press ignition button. 12)Check weld strength under SEM or by gentle prying with one’s finger tips. Data: (Only shows 10 Mol because proved to have stronger bonds) SEM Images: (Selected few cross-sectioned bonds between pellet and plates.) Scanning Electron Microscope RATIONALE: To find the optimal composition and density for nanocomposite welding. Compare bonding strengths in different stoichiometrically determined (composites) pellets of Aluminum and Copper Oxide(CuO). Attempt thermite welding two, copper-foil covered, fiberglass plates using 8Al-3CuO, 10Al-3CuO, 12Al-3CuO 2) Place die on top of powder 3) Compress the die upon the “powder” to desired MPa reading (either 10 MPa’s or 20 Pa’s) RESULTS: 8 Mol composite gave poor adhesion 12 Mol was difficult to ignite 10 Mol optimal adhesion when 60 volt applied to pellet between scratched copper coated pads There was evidence of molten products i.e., alumina and CuAl alloy. Future Work: Focus on incorporating the alloy into the foil to create bonded interface. SampleMass as Powder MPa’s (pressure) Mass as PelletThickness (mm) 1.0510.03.35 2.1410.10.80 3.1510.12.77 4.2110.17.98 5.1010.08.63 6.2010.191.22 7.0910.07.66 8.0710.06.51 9.1610.15.84 10.0610.04.38 SampleMass as Powder MPa’sMass as PelletThickness 1.0520.04.44 2.1420.11.66 3.1520.15.77 4.2120.17.89 5.1020 6.2020.181.05 7.0920.04.32 8.0720.06.47 9.1620.14.73 10.0620.05.37 10Al-3CuO (10 MPa’s) 10Al-3CuO (20 MPa’s) * 10Al-3CuO (20 MPa’s) would only ignite under 60 volts of amperage unlike the 8 Mol and 10 Mol under 30 volts ** After sample 2 (10 Al-3Cuo (20 MPa’s)), the pellets were compressed between the plates in the mold creating much more flattened pellets to produce a sure thickness reading. *10Al-3Cuo under 10 MPa’s (Sample 7) Pellet was.07 grams with a thickness of.66 mm. Image indicates bonding between foil and Aluminum-oxide. Figure 1 Copper foil Al 2 O 3 Slight bonding occurs Figure 2 *This image indicates bridging and bonding & needs further investigation. Bridging Bonding Welding Products Bonding Surfaces Al 2 O 3 Indicates bonding surfaces of copper foil and initial welding products i.e., alloys probably including CuAl 2. Figure 1Figure 2Figure 3 10Al+3CuO→Al 2 O 3 +3Cu+8Al+  Q