1. Marine Mammals

2. Classification: Class Mammalia  Order Pinnepedia  Seals, sea lions, walrus  Order Carnivora  Sea Otter, Polar Bear  Order Sirenia  Manatees  Order Cetacea  Suborder Mysticeti (Baleen Whales)  Suborder Odontoceti (Toothed Whales)

4. Hawaiian Monk Seal  Feeding Feeding  Additional Video Additional Video  1000 monk seals left  Critically endangered

5. Swimming Adaptations  Streamlined Body  Blowhole on top of their head  Thick blubber to keep warm

6. Diving Adaptations  Oxygen  90% oxygen is exchanged, compared to 20% humans  Blood  More blood  Higher concentration of red blood cells  Muscles can store more oxygen

7. Additional diving adaptations  Reduce oxygen consumption  Bradycardia - Slow heart rate  Peripheral Vasoconstriction - Reduce blood flow to non-essential extremities  Prevent nitrogen dissolving in the blood  Lungs collapse and flexible rib cage

8. Sensory Adaptation - Echolocation  Most toothed whales  “nature’s sonar”  Emit sound waves, listen, analyze the time, determine how far the object is  Melon – focuses and directs sound waves  Jawbones (filled with fat) trasmits sound to inner ear

9. Behavioral Adaptations  Social groups  Communicate with vocalizations, postures, movements  Humpback Whale Songs Humpback Whale Songs

10. Human Interaction  Education  Research  Therapy  Help with fishing

11.  BYCATCH in Nets  23% of total fisheries catch around the world is discarded  20 million tons of unwanted catch being thrown back  Over 300,000 cetaceans killed this way each year

12. Tuna Nets  Eastern Tropical Pacific  Spotted/Spinner dolphins are close to yellowfin tuna  Used to track  Use Purse Seine net  Encircle, traumatize, entangle, kill

13. Humpback Whale  6,000 humpbacks in the N. Pacific  Leave Alaska in the Fall  Breed in Hawaii  Leave in February/March to feed in Alaska in the summer