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Major Ecosystems of the World
Chapter 6 Major Ecosystems of the World
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Key Topics Fire Biomes Aquatic Ecosytems
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Fire Human Fire History Impacts of Fire? Which biomes burn regularly?
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Earth’s Major Biomes
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Earth’s Major Biomes Type of biome controlled by temperature and precipitation
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Arizona Biomes
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Earth’s Major Biomes Vertical Zonation: The Distribution of Vegetation on Mountains
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Primary Forest
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Earth’s Major Biomes
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Earth’s Major Biomes
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Earth’s Major Biomes
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Earth’s Major Biomes
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Earth’s Major Biomes
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Earth’s Major Biomes
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Earth’s Major Biomes
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Earth’s Major Biomes
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Earth’s Major Biomes
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Aquatic Ecosystems Fundamental division: Freshwater vs. Saltwater
But, both contain 3 ecological category of organisms: Free floating plankton Strongly swimming nekton Bottom-dwelling benthos
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Aquatic Ecosystems Freshwater Ecosystems Lakes and Ponds
Photosynthetically productive - upper surface with light penetration Highly productive, high species richness - sunlight penetration / rooted plants
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Aquatic Ecosystems Freshwater Ecosystems Lakes and Ponds
Not always present; anaerobic, dominated by decomposers - below light penetration
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Thermocline - lakes Freshwater Ecosystems
Thermal stratification in temperate lakes Point of change between warm surface & cold depths
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Turnover - Lakes Turnover in temperate lakes
Spring Turnover - Melting Ice (40C) & warming surface waters + wind Fall Turnover - cooling surface water = > density(40C) + wind Littoral-Limnetic-Profundal Zones
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Aquatic Ecosystems Freshwater Ecosystems Rivers and Streams
Tend to be narrow, swift, clear, cold, nutrient poor, and highly oxygenated Tend to be wide, slow, cloudy, warm, nutrient rich, and less oxygenated
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Oxbow Lakes
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Rivers & Deltas Headwaters-Waterfall-Tributaries-Basin-Flood Plain-Meanders-Oxbow lakes-Salt Marsh-Delta-Barrier Islands - detritus
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Wetlands Marshes and Swamps Highly productive
Nutrient rich due to anaerobic conditions Filters of pollution Flood Control Recharging Centers Highly Threatened
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Case-in-Point: The Chesapeake Bay
Ecosystem Service
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Case-in-Point: The Everglades
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Aquatic Ecosystems Estuaries Two general types: 1) Salt marshes
2) Mangrove forests
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Mangrove Swamps Losing approximately 2% a year
40% overall current loss 69 endemic terrestrial species Reasons for loss? Reasons for protection? Found 30 Latitude - fringe habitat
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Aquatic Ecosystems Marine Ecosystems Intertidal Zone
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Human Impacts on Coral Reefs
Sedimentation & siltation Pollution Overfishing Direct disturbance (anchors & divers) collecting specimens - cyanide & dynamite Climate Change
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Photo Benthic Photo Benthic Environment 1) Sea grasses 2) Kelp forests
3) Coral reefs
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Neritic Zone
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Pelagic Zone
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Abyssal
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