1. Enlightenment SOL 6d

3. Age of Enlightenment Period of logical thinking and reasoning Few rulers embraced the philosophies of the enlightenment-those that did were called enlightened despots

4. Important Enlightenment Vocabulary Philosophe: French philosopher Salon: gathering room where the philosophes discussed

5. Baroque: artistic style that emerged during the enlightenment

7. Philosophers—Thomas Hobbes Belief: absolute monarchy can work if a contract is in place Leviathan: the state must have central authority to manage behavior

8. Thomas Hobbes Ruler protects people while the people surrender all rights to the ruler

9. John Locke Two Treatises on Government: Ppl are sovereign; monarchs aren’t chosen by God Belief: Social contract with natural rights Ruler protects natural rights People can change gov’t in cases of abuse

10. John Locke Natural Rights: God given rights that can’t be taken away (life, liberty, right to own property)

11. John Locke Social Contract: Agreement between ruler and people U.S. Application: Declaration of Independence and Constitution

12. Thomas Paine Belief: Popular Sovereignty- people rule themselves Common Sense

13. Thomas Paine U.S. Application: Constitution-(We the people, for the people, by the people) and Declaration of Independence- gov’t institution by men (people)

14. Montesquieu The Spirit of Laws Belief: separation of power to prevent abuse U.S. application: 3 branches of gov’t (executive, legislative, judicial)=checks and balances

15. Voltaire Religious toleration Belief: people should have individual rights and freedoms (ex. Speech)

16. Voltaire U.S. Application: Bill of Rights (1 st 10 amendments to the Constitution)

17. Jean-Jacques Rousseau The Social Contract Belief: Government should have a social contract

18. Rousseau Ruler enforces the laws to keep order People have to surrender some rights for the good of the community U.S. Application: We have a contract-some of our rights are limited

19. Rousseau cont… Belief: Popular Sovereignty U.S. Application: We rule ourselves- Representative Democracy

20. Artists: Composers Johann Sebastian Bach Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

21. Artists: Eugene Delacroix New forms of art: Painter Paintings depicted classical subjects, public events, natural scenes, & portraits

23. Novelist: Miguel de Cervantes New forms of literature: Don Quixote The novel

24. The Age of Reason witnessed inventions and innovations in technology that stimulated trade and transportation.

25. Technologies: All weather roads improved year-round transport & trade! New designs in farm tools increased productivity (agricultural revolution) Improvements in ship design lowered the cost of transport

26. American Revolution Who was King of England at the beginning of the Revolution? King George III

27. American Revolution Why did the colonists want independence from Britain? Taxes—Stamp Act, Tea Act, Intolerable Acts (As a result of debt from French and Indian War)

28. American Revolution cont… What was the major complaint of the colonists? No taxation without representation

29. American Revolution con’d Identify 2 violent clashes between the colonists and British soldiers prior to the Revolution Boston Massacre—1770; Boston Tea Party 1773

32. American Revolution cont… When and where did the Revolution begin? Why is this significant? April 1775-- Lexington, Massachusetts “Shot heard round the world”

33. American Revolution cont… Who led the Continental Army? George Washington

34. Identify 4 major battles & their significance Bunker Hill: Trenton: Moral Victory Low Point for Continental Army & Broke traditional rules b/c they fought on Christmas

35. Saratoga: Yorktown: Turning point b/c France entered on Continental side Cornwallis surrenders the British Army!

37. American Revolution cont… What was the first attempt at a gov’t for the U.S.? Why did it fail? Articles of Confederation—weak no national powers

38. Laissez Faire--non-interference by the gov’t Shay’s Rebellion (difficult to suppress, needed a stronger national gov’t)

39. Summarize the type of gov’t created by the Constitution Popular Sovereignty Federal System— between national and state People decided! Balanced power btwn the 2

40. Separation of Powers Social Contract 3 separate branches

41. Why were the Bill of Rights adopted? To protect American Liberties/Personal Freedoms