3. Scientific Revolution A major change in European thought characterized by careful observation and the questioning of old accepted beliefs A new school challenge to the old way of thinking

4. Nicolaus Copernicus Revolutionary Polish astronomer who theorized that the sun was at the center of the universe (heliocentric model)

5. Heliocentric theory theory stating that the sun was at the center of the universe, not the earth!

6. Galileo Galilei Italian scientist whose radical findings include: Law of the Pendulum Objects fall at same speed Moon’s surface is imperfect

7. Enlightenment An 18 th century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and logic to all aspects of society!

8. John Locke English philosopher who believed that the job of the government is to protect the natural rights of its citizens

9. Natural rights Three rights that all people are born with: Life, liberty, and property. His ideas greatly influenced Thomas Jefferson

10. Popular Sovereignty An idea that the power to rule comes from the consent of the people

11. Social contract An agreement by which people create their government and choose their leader

12. Separation of Powers Thought up by a dude called Montesquieu. a division of power among different branches of government