1. Fig.: 5.1 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition  y z  0 mode III N  N B   x r  z x y  mode I mode I mode II

2. s N W a F F/2 L/2 W=10mm B= 2…10mm L=80mm s=40…70mm a=0.5…7.5mm N= 2mm K = f F s B W 3/2 W a I W a f = 2.9 − 4.6 + 21.8 − 37.6 + 38.7 W a 1 2 W a 3 2 W a 5 2 W a 7 2 W a 9 2 f = W a 2 3 W a 1.99 − 1 − 2.15 − 3.93 + 2.7 W a W a W a W a 2 W a 1 −1 − 3 2 W a 1+2 SENB specimen (single-edge-notched bend specimen) Fig.: 5.2a Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

3. W a H/2 N s O D F F W/2 W= 40mm H= 150mm s=120mm D= 10mm a=18… 22mm N= 3mm B= 2… 10mm K = f F a B W 1/2 W a I W a f = 1.99 − 0.41 + 18.7 − 38.48 + 53.85 W a W a 2 W a 3 W a 4 SENT specimen (single-edge-notched tension specimen) Fig.: 5.2b Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

4. W G a l H/2 N s O D F F W=40mm H= 48mm G=50mm s=22mm D=10mm a=18…22mm N= 2mm B= 2…34mm l=1.5mm K = f F B W 1/2 W a I W a f = 29.6 − 185.5 + 655.7 − 1017 + 638.9 W a 1 2 W a 3 2 W a 5 2 W a 7 2 W a 9 2 CT specimen (compact tension specimen) Fig.: 5.2c Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

5. 0246810 260 B(mm) K ; K (MPamm ) 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 c Ic 1/2 a ESZ/EDZ B EDZ B (mm) K ; K (MPamm ) c Ic 1/2 240 210 180 150 120 90 60 0 10 2030 b B (mm) B min c Ic K K K c K SENT CT B min Fig.: 5.3

6. a B 100 µm machined notch (razor blade notch) stable crack growth (fracture mirror length) damage area residual fracture areab Fig.: 5.4 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

7. x r pl a y    y  Fig.: 5.5 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

8. 200 µm ab 50 µm Fig.: 5.6 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

9. s/2  /2 2 1 f max 3 W 1hinge point 2sharp notch 3support 1 n (W a) Fig.: 5.7 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

10. c s/2  /2 stable crack growth stretch zone brittle fracture initial crack SZW SZH SZW SZH  x y 1 3 2 a b d 100 µm 5 µm 10 µm Fig.: 5.8 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

11. b T y n x dR 2 1 R F f resp. v A G a 1 a 2 a 3 f (i=1...3) i J I f resp. v f 3 f 2 f 1 B A G B a Riss AA G a 1 a 2 a 3 1 I 1 I 2 I 3 I 1 I 2 I 3 J Ic c a d aa crack Fig.: 5.9 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

12. loading parameter J;  technical crack initiation physical crack initiation stable crack growth  a  a = 0.2 mm aa SZW blunting Line crack propagation resistance against crack initiation crack blunting crack initiation resistance against crack propagation J ;  0.2 J ;  i Fig.: 5.10 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

13. collecting lens junction diode rotating mirror start stop laser deflection mirror semiconductor prism F F motor v t evaluation and graphics CT specimen Fig.: 5.11 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

14. T F F F Q max F F Q F S S T  type I type II 5 % v c v c Fig.: 5.12 v; v ; f L L Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

15. 012345 0 1 2 3 4 5 crack initiation a 50 µm b c 200 µm 1 mm f (mm) crack propagation crack blunting F/(B(W−a )) (Nmm ) eff -2 Fig.: 5.13 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

16. A G F max unnotched specimen notched specimen A 0 F max F (N) Fig.: 5.14 Lmax maxL0 v ; f 0 L v ; f (mm) L v ; f Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

17. Charpy impact tester ICIT-4J support striker specimen photooptical transducer deflection (f) - sensor amplifier digital oscilloscope load (F) - transducer load–deflection diagram analysis of F–f diagram time resp. deflection (ms; mm) A G = A pl + A el F max F gy F1F1  A pl ARAR t B ; f max f gy load F (N) - checking of experimental conditions - SEM analysis of fracture surface - fracture mechanics concept - checking of geometry - independence of fracture mechanics values F 1 < F max A H > 3 A G t B > 3  K Id ;  Id ; J Id personal computer Fig.: 5.15 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

18. A G = A pl + A el F max f max f gy F gy F F AGAG A pl A el AGAG AGAG AGAG ARAR ARAR ARAR A pl I II III Ia IIa IIIa f F f max Fig.: 5.16 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

19. a/W = 0.45a/W = 0.2 F = 36 N 1 F = 28 N max F = 8 N 1 F = 36 N max F = 8 N 1 F = 62 N max F = 36 N 1 F = 53 N max v = 1 ms I v = 2.9 ms I Fig.: 5.17 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

20. F s L W A a B 0.05 < a/W < 0.150.1 < a/W < 0.40.3 < a/W < 0.7 B B Fig.: 5.18 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

21. 00.20.40.60.8 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 J BL J FEM J MC J FEM J RPM J FEM J J ST v = 1.5 ms s/W = 4 RT I PVCC a/W J-integral ratio Fig.: 5.19 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

22. 10 Ic K ; K (MPamm )  Id 1/2 100 1000 100 10 1 0.1 I  = 3466 K -1.73 Fig.: 5.20 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

23. 0.1 Ic J ; J (Nmm )  Id 1 100 10000 1000 100 1 10 I  = 224 J -0.94 Fig.: 5.21 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

24. 0.01 Idk  [mm]  0.1 1 100 10 Idk  = 3.6  -0.83 Fig.: 5.22 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

25. masses lifting device acceleration unit temperature chamber controller drop weigth support clamped test sheet F strain gauge instrumented drop weigth cross-head spring Fig.: 5.23 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

26. -70 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 wt.-% 5 wt.-% 10 wt.-% 20 wt.-% 25 wt.-% PA 6 + impact modifier -50 -30 -10 1030 50 7090 T (°C) J (Nmm -1 ) d ST Fig.: 5.24 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

27. 0 0  v PVC/chalk PP/chalk PVC/SiO PE/BW PE/HP 2 PE/SiO 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0.10.2 0.3 0.4 J (Nmm -1 ) d ST Fig.: 5.25 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

28. F (N) max  v 0 0.10.2 0.3 0.4 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500  v 0 0.10.2 0.3 0.4 PVC/chalk PP/chalk PVC/SiO PE/BW PE/HP 2 PE/SiO 2 b a f (mm) max 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Fig.: 5.26 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

29. coupling agent content (wt.-%) 0 0.250.500.751.001.251.50 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 b 2 µm 5 µm a surfactant stearic acid J /J ST M Id  = 0.9  = 1.5 Fig.: 5.27 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

30.  (10 -3 mm) Id 123173223273323 PVC PVC+Kreide( j v =0,17) T(K) PVC PVC + chalk (  = 0.17) v -150 -100 -50 0 50 T (°C) 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Fig.: 5.28 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

31. 00.10.20.3  v c 00.10.20.3  v d 00.10.20.3  v b 00.10.20.3 200 250 300 350 400 450  v 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 60 90 120 150 180 210 eff 1 2 3 4 5 F (N) max a f (mm) max J (Nmm ) Id K (MPamm ) Id 1/2 K (a ) ld 0 K (a ) ld Fig.: 5.29 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

32. 0 0.10.2 0.3 ; experiment model PE/GF PP/GF  v J /J Id 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 M Id Fig.: 5.30 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

33. 00.250.500.751.00 coupling agent content (wt.-%) PP + glass-fiber (  = 0.13) v 0.8 mm f F 100 µm F f 0.8 mm 100 N 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 A /A G M R G R M Fig.: 5.31 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

34. J (Nmm -1 )  a (mm) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 1 2 3 4 E/P copolymer + 10 wt.-% GF with 0.4 wt.-% CA without CA Fig.: 5.32 CA – coupling agent content Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

35. a (kJm ) -2 02040 60 80100 0 20 40 60 80 100 ; with coupling agent without coupling agent PE content (wt.-%) experiment model ; cN Fig.: 5.33 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

36. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 3 5 7 9 TPU/ABS blends TPU/ABS 50/50 TPU/ABS 20/80 ABS J (Nmm )  a (mm) aa min aa max Fig.: 5.34 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

37. J (Nmm )  a (mm) aa min 0 0.20.4 0.6 0.8 4 8 12 16 T = 30 °C A (µm) A = 2.00 µm A = 1.45 µm A = 1.40 µm A = 1.30 µm A = 1.20 µm 0 aa max A  1.4 µm c 4 3 2 1 1.0 1.5 2.0 J (Nmm ) 0.2 Fig.: 5.35 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

38. J (Nmm )  a (mm) aa min 0 aa max 10 20 30 T = 23 °C A (µm) 0.3 10 8 6 4 2 0.6 0.91.2 A  0.4 µm c A = 1.00 µm A = 0.57 µm A = 0.54 µm A = 0.40 µm A = 0.39 µm A = 0.36 µm 0 0.20.4 0.6 0.8 0 J (Nmm ) 0.2 Fig.: 5.36 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

39. brittle copolymer 1 tough high impact 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 T (°C) 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 A/D copolymer 1 (30 °C) copolymer 2 (20 °C) J (Nmm ) 0.2 40 30 20 10 0 -10-20 -30 0 copolymer 2 (A/D) c Fig.: 5.37 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

40. T (°C)  (wt.-%) -80 0 20 40 60 80 100 high impact brittle tough energy - determined EPR -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 Fig.: 5.38 J ST Id J 0.2 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

41. t (min) 175 Id 0 K (MPamm ) 150 125 100 75 1/2 10 20 30 4050 w composition 2 composition 1 Fig.: 5.39 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

42. 2 µm Fig.: 5.40 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

43. d J (Nmm -1 ) 1.01.52.02.5 0 50 100 150 200 0102030405060 carbon black sulfur carbon black content (phr) sulfur content (phr) Fig.: 5.41 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

44. material selection dimensioning strength verification  >   zul strain verification demands on technology manufacturing monitoring unrealizable realizable realization fracture behavior toughundefined brittle Charpy impact strength sufficient unsufficient velocity- temperature- shifting-concept sufficient unsufficient fracture mechanics concept K < K I I zul or J < J K > K J > J I I zul  <   zul  >   zul  <  zul I I zul Fig.: 5.42 Chapter 5: Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition